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  3. Some people describe Darwinian evolution as "only a theory". Try explaining that to the friends and relatives of the 700,000 peo

Some people describe Darwinian evolution as "only a theory". Try explaining that to the friends and relatives of the 700,000 peo

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问题    Some people describe Darwinian evolution as "only a theory". Try explaining that to the friends and relatives of the 700,000 people killed each year by drug-resistant infections. Resistance to antimicrobial medicines such as antibiotics is caused by the survival of the fittest. Unfortunately, fit microbes mean unfit human beings. Drug-resistance is not only one of the clearest examples of evolution in action; it is also the one with the biggest immediate human cost.
   Pessimists might be forgiven for thinking that they have heard this argument before. People have been worried about resistance since antibiotics began being used in large quantities during the late 1940s. Their conclusion that bacterial diseases might again become epidemic as a result has proved false and will remain so. That is because the decline of common 19th-century infections was thanks to better housing, drains and clean water, not penicillin.
   The real danger is more subtle—but grave nonetheless. 【F1】The fact that improvements in public health should eventually drive down tuberculosis (肺结核) rates in India hardly makes up for the loss of 60.000 newborn children every year to drug-resistant infections. Wherever there is widespread infection, there is resistance to its treatment.
   【F2】The spread of resistance is an example of the tragedy of the commons; the costs of what is being lost are not seen by the people who are responsible. You keep cattle? Add antibiotics to their feed to enhance growth. The cost in terms of increased resistance is borne by society as a whole. You have a sore throat? Take antibiotics in case it is bacterial.
   The lack of an incentive to do the right thing is hard to correct. In some health-care systems, doctors are rewarded for writing prescriptions. 【F3】Patients suffer no immediate harm when they neglect to complete drug courses after their symptoms have cleared up, leaving the most drug-resistant bugs alive. 【F4】Because many people mistakenly believe that human beings, not bacteria, develop resistance, they do not realise that they are doing anything wrong.
   Because antimicrobial resistance has no single solution, it must be fought on many fronts. Start with consumption. The use of antibiotics to accelerate growth in farm animals can be banned by agriculture ministries. In both people and animals, policy should be to vaccinate more so as to stop infections before they start. By the same logic, hospitals and other breeding grounds for resistant bugs should prevent infections by practising better hygiene. 【F5】Governments should educate the public about how antibiotics work and how they can help halt the spread of resistance. Such policies cannot reverse the tragedy of the commons, but they can make it a lot less tragic.
【F2】
选项
答案抗药性的传播是一个公众悲剧的例子；对损失带来代价负有责任的人却对其熟视无睹。
解析 ①本句为并列复合句，包含一个宾语从句和一个定语从句。②分句1中of the tragedy of the commoils为example的后置定语，补充说明这是一个什么例子，其中of the commons又作the tragedy的后置定语，说明the tragedy的主体。③分句2中介词短语of what is being lost为costs的后置定语，其中what is being lost为宾语从句，充当of的宾语；句末who引导的定语从句修饰the people，说明the people的特点。
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