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  3. The U. S. Supreme Court has forbidden prayers in public schools, but many Americans cling to the idea that their educational sys

The U. S. Supreme Court has forbidden prayers in public schools, but many Americans cling to the idea that their educational sys

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问题     The U. S. Supreme Court has forbidden prayers in public schools, but many Americans cling to the idea that their educational system has a moral purpose. It is an idea common to both the Greeks and the medieval Church. In today’s world, the moral purpose of education takes non-religious forms: racial integration, sex education, good citizenship. At the college level, the ambiguities become more complex. Should a morally objectionable person be allowed to teach? Should a morally objectionable doctrine be permitted?
    Many people are understandably dismayed by such inspection. But would they prefer moral neutrality? Should engineers be trained to build highways without being taught any concern for the homes they displace? Should prospective corporate managers learn how to increase profits regardless of pollution or unemployment? Just the opposite, according to Beyond the Ivory Tower, a new book by Harvard’s Bok, which calls for increased emphasis on "applied ethics. "(Writes Bok:"A university that refuses to take moral dilemmas seriously violates its basic obligations to society. ")
    Religious colleges have always practiced a similar preaching. But some 500 schools now offer courses in the field. The Government supports such studies with a program known as EVIST, which stands for Ethics and Values in Science and Technology (and which sounds as though a computer had already taken charge of the matter). " The modern university is rooted in the scientific method, having essentially turned its back on religion, " says Steven Muller, president of John Hopkins. "The scientific method is a marvelous means of inquiry, but it really doesn’t provide a value system. The biggest failing in higher education today is that we fall short in exposing students to values. "
    Charles Muscatine, a professor of English at Berkeley and member of a committee that is analyzing liberal arts curriculums for the Association of American Colleges, is even harsher. He calls today’s education programs "a marvelous convenience for low-quality society. "The key goal of education, says Muscatine, should be " informed decision making that recognizes there is a moral component to life. "Instead, he says, most universities are "spreading the dangerous myth that technical skills are more important than moral reasoning. "
The first paragraph implies that
选项 A、there is a conflict between laws and public opinions on the purpose of education.
B、the moral purpose of education varies in form with the social situation.
C、Greeks and the medieval Church had the same moral purpose in education.
D、the moral purpose of education is to advocate religious beliefs.
答案B
解析 根据第一段第三句“In today’s world，the moral purpose of education takes non—religious forms：racial integration，sex education，good citizenship．”可知，在当今世界，道德教育采取非宗教形式：种族融合、性教育以及公民教育，由此可以判断出不同时代社会状况不一样，道德教育形式也不一样，故B选项正确，同时可知D选项陈述过于片面和绝对，故不选；第一段第一句只是提到美国最高法院禁止公立学校举行祈祷仪式，并不代表法律和公众在教育目的的观点上存在矛盾，故A选项错误；根据第一段前两句可知，希腊和中世纪的教会都认同道德教育应该是教育的目的之一，并不是说两者道德教育的目的一致，故C选项错误。
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