Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading ha

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问题 Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 【C1】______ over the centuries. During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 【C2】______ and describing the reading process. 【C3】______ specialists agree that reading 【C4】______ a complex organization of higher mental 【C5】______ , they disagree 【C6】______ the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 【C7】______ reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 【C8】______ .
    These authorities 【C9】______ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 【C10】______ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 【C11】______ their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 【C12】______ to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 【C13】______ reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 【C14】______ . By some experts they would not be 【C15】______ as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 【C16】______ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 【C17】______ the sound-symbols’ code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 【C18】______ , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 【C19】______ widely and enthusiastically. 【C20】______ short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
【C13】

选项 A、totally
B、usually
C、mainly
D、actually

答案D

解析 词义辨析题,totally 意为“完全地”,usually 意为“通常”,mainly 意为“大体地”,均不符合句意,排除,actually 意为“实际上”,下一句对其进行了反向解释,即有阅读能力的许多成年人,并未全面读过一本书,言外之意,他们实际上不算读者,故选D
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