首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same ti
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same ti
admin
2014-06-13
41
问题
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same time, we are all too often surprised by results that didn’t occur to us beforehand. The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 started out with the best of intentions. But now it is under increasing scrutiny by swelling ranks of critics. The primary concern is that its original intent — to infuse the American marketplace with the fruits of academic innovation — has distorted the fundamental mission of universities.
In the past, discovery for its own sake provided academic motivation, but today’s universities function more like corporate research laboratories. Rather than freely sharing techniques and results, researchers increasingly keep new findings under wraps to maintain a competitive edge. What used to be peer-reviewed is now proprietary. "Share and share alike" has degenerated into "every laboratory for itself. "
"Bayh-Dole tore down the taboos that existed against universities engaging in overtly commercial activity. Universities really thought that they were going to make it rich," said Jennifer Wasrhburn, author of "University Inc. : The Corporate Corruption of Higher Education". "Each school was convinced that if they came up with that one blockbuster invention, they could solve all their financial problems. "
Ms. Washburn says that was "extremely wrong-headed. " Initially reacting to the law by slapping patents on every possible innovation, universities quickly discovered that patents were an expensive proposition. The fees and legal costs involved in obtaining a single patent can run upward of $ 15,000, and that doesn’t count the salaries of administrative staff members. Instead of bringing home the bacon, university tech transfer offices were throwing money into the void with little hope of returns.
To date, Ms. Washburn says, data gathered by the Association of University Technology Managers show that fewer than half of the 300 research universities actively seeking patents have managed to break even from technology transfer efforts. Instead, two-thirds of the revenue tracked by the association has gone to only 13 institutions.
Part of the problem has been a lingering misunderstanding about where the value lies in innovation. Patenting a new basic science technique, or platform technology, puts it out of the reach of graduate students who might have made tremendous progress using it. Similarly, exclusive licensing of a discovery to a single company thwarts that innovation’s use in any number of other fields.
The issue is further clouded by "reach through" licenses, complex arrangements used by many tech transfer offices. A reach-through lets the patent holder claim a share of any profits that result from using, say, an enabling technology, even if those profits come several steps down the market transfer line.
Perhaps the most troublesome aspect of campus commercialization is that research decisions are now being based on possible profits, not on the inherent value of knowledge. "Blue sky" research — the kind of basic experimentation that leads to a greater understanding of how the world works — has largely been set aside in favor of projects considered to have more immediate market potential. In academia’s continuing pursuit of profit, the wonder of simple serendipitous discovery has been left on the curb. [510 words]
According to Ms. Washburn, for most universities, patenting their innovations______.
选项
A、has proved to be cost-ineffective
B、has strengthened their competitiveness
C、has benefited their academic research
D、has relieved their financial difficulties
答案
A
解析
本题考查文中人物观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FKO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Baghdad,Iraq—If,intime,theattempttoimplantapro-Western,democraticpoliticalSysteminIraqendsupburiedinthedeser
EventheSaudis—orrather,thesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry—aregivinggroundinthestrugglefo
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、
Whenolderpeoplecannolongerremembernamesatacocktailparty,theytendtothinkthattheirbrainpowerisdeclining.Buta
With22yearsonthejob,JackieBraceycouldbeconsideredacareeremployeeoftheInternalRevenueService.Butshedefiesan
WiththeMetOfficepredictingasummerheatwave,MacmillanCancerReliefthisweek(1)_____itscustomarywarningaboutthesun
Themainideaofthepassageisabout______.Whydidthenumberofcomplaintsdrop?
(46)In1798ThomasRobertMalthusfamouslypredictedthatshort-termgainsinlivingstandardswouldinevitablybeunderminedas
Itwasarulingthathadconsumersseethingwithangerandmanyafreetradercryingfoul.OnNovember20ththeEuropeanCourto
TwinstoImpairedFertilityofWomenAwomanwithatwinbrotherhasfewerchildren.Twinbrotherscanleavequiteanimpres
随机试题
人口因素在衽会发展中的作用表现为,它可以_______。
杜甫被称为诗歌发展史上的集大成者,其诗歌风格以_______为主。
S公司1999年度盈亏临界点销售量和实际销售量分别为()件。若其他因素不变,为使S公司2000年的税前净利润比1999年度增长10%,则固定成本总额应削减()元。
甲某与乙厂签订赠与合同,甲某赠与乙厂一台设备,合同订立后,由于甲某发生经济困难,要求撤销该赠与行为,乙厂以签订了合同为由,要求甲某立即交付设备,下面说法正确的是()。
A注册会计师担任X公司2009年度财务报表审计业务的项目负责人。在对关联方及其交易实施审计时,A注册会计师遇到以下问题,请代为做出正确的决策。Y公司是X公司的母公司。注册会计师在检查X公司有关关联方及其交易在财务报表附注中的披露是否符合规定时,无论X公
文学风格不是从天上掉下来的,其形成也不可能_________,必须通过作家不断的社会实践和艺术实践。虽然并非所有作家最终都能形成自己鲜明的风格,但每个作家都应有对风格的_________。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:
设有宏定义;#defineIsDIV(k,n)((k%n==1)?1:0),且变量m已正确定义并赋值。则宏调用:IsDIV(m,5)&&IsDIV(m,7)为真时所要表达的是()。
下列关于C++输入/输出流的叙述中,错误的是()。
Inthemeetingheldlastnightthevicepresidentrefusedtomakeanycommentonthematterbeforemakingdueinvestigation.
A、Theyalwaysdothesamejob.B、Theyalwaysrelaxthemselves.C、Theyaregoingtoworkthisweekend.D、Theyareseeingafilm.
最新回复
(
0
)