首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder
admin
2010-05-25
32
问题
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder. I know I am conscious. But how do I know that you are?
Through logical analogy—I am a conscious human being, and therefore you as a human being are also likely to be conscious—I conclude I am probably not the only conscious being in a world of biological puppets. Extend it to other creatures, and uncertainty grows. Is a dog conscious? An elm? A rock?
"We don’t have the mythical consciousness meter," said Dr. Chalmers, a professor of philosophy and director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. "All we have directly to go on is behavior." So without even an elementary understanding of what consciousness is, the idea of instilling it into a machine—or understanding how a machine might evolve consciousness—becomes almost unfathomable.
The field of artificial intelligence started out with dreams of making thinking or conscious machines, but to debate, its achievements have been modest. The field has evolved to focus more on solving practical problems like complex scheduling tasks than on imitating human behavior.
But many believe that the original goals of artificial intelligence will be attainable within a few decades.
Some people, like Dr. Hans Moravec, a professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, believe a human being is nothing more than a fancy machine, and that it will be possible to build a machine with the same features, that there is nothing magical about the brain and biological flesh. "I’m confident we can build robot with behavior that is just as rich as human being behavior," he said. "You could quiz it as much as you like about its internal mental life, and it would answer as any human being." To Dr. Moravec, if it acts consciously, it is conscious. To ask more is pointless.
Dr. Chalmers, regards consciousness as an unutterable trait, and it may be useless to try to pin it down. "We’ve got to admit something here is irreducible," he said. "Some primitive precursor consciousness could go all the way down" to the smallest, most primitive organisms, he said. Dr. Chalmers too sees nothing fundamentally different between a creature of flesh and blood and one of metal, plastics and electronic circuits. "I’m quite open to the idea that machines might eventually become conscious," he said, adding that it would be "equally weird". And if a person gets into involved conversations with a robot about everything from Kant to baseball, "We’ll be as practically certain they are conscious as other people," he said. "Of course, that doesn’t resolve the theoretical question".
But others say machines, regardless of how complex, will never match people.
The arguments can become mysterious. In his book Shadows of the Mind, Dr. Roger Penrose, a mathematician at Oxford University, enlisted the incompleteness theorem in mathematics. He uses the theorem, which states that any system of theorems will invariably include statements that cannot be proven, to argue that any machine that uses computation—and hence all robots—will invariably fall short of the accomplishments of human mathematicians. Instead, he argues that consciousness is an effect of quantum mechanics in tiny structures in the brain that exceeds the abilities of any computer.
What is the author’s attitude toward the statement that robot has consciousness?
选项
A、Objective.
B、Critical.
C、Pessimistic.
D、Sarcastic.
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。作者并没有发表自己的看法,也没有在字里行间给出暗示,只是列举出两派:Dr. Hans Moravec,Dr. Chalmers与Roger Penrose的观点供读者评判和思考,所以正确答案为A 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FS2K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
The"fatherofwaters",theMississippiRiverisoneofthe【C1】______intheworld.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesArmyCorpsof
Weshouldalwaysbearinmindthat_________decisionsoftenresultinseriousconsequences.
BecauseIrelandisanislandgeographicallynearthemainlandoftheUnitedKingdom,EnglishrulershavefoughtsincetheMiddle
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
Theoldmanwasseriouslyillforatime,butwithcarefulnursinghemanagedto______.
Nexttimeyougazeoutside【C1】______acoldwinterdayandthinkhowdeadeverythingappears,takeacloserlook.Naturema
Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours______lastnight.
WhowontheWorldCup1998footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?【C1】______
Welookedforatabletositdown,buttheywereall______.
WithhaltingstepsIpacedthestreets,andpassedthe______ofTheCrossedHarpoons—butitlookedtooexpensiveandjollytod
随机试题
经营性文化产业的根本任务是()
Manysuperstitiouspeopleareafraidofblackcats.Theybelievethatblackcatshaveastrangepower.Ifablackcatcrossesth
GnRH促进下列哪组激素分泌
甲企业与乙运输公司签订了货物运输合同,在合同履行过程中,甲企业未按合同内容履行合同,乙运输公司可将其货物()。
具有设计任务书和总体设计,经济上实行独立核算,行政上具有独立组织形式的工程被称为()。
我国农历三月初三这天,男女老少都要到郊外水边嬉戏,以求消灾解难,古代称这一活动为“修楔”。“三月三”是由古代的()节演变而来的。
请对“未直接侵害犯罪客体或未对客体造成实际损害的不构成犯罪”进行辨析。
将f(x)=1nx展开成x一2的幂级数.
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.Forquestions1—5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—G
Thenuclearageinwhichthehumanraceisliving,andmaysoonbedying,beganforthegeneralpublicwiththedroppingofana
最新回复
(
0
)