首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder
admin
2010-05-25
26
问题
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder. I know I am conscious. But how do I know that you are?
Through logical analogy—I am a conscious human being, and therefore you as a human being are also likely to be conscious—I conclude I am probably not the only conscious being in a world of biological puppets. Extend it to other creatures, and uncertainty grows. Is a dog conscious? An elm? A rock?
"We don’t have the mythical consciousness meter," said Dr. Chalmers, a professor of philosophy and director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. "All we have directly to go on is behavior." So without even an elementary understanding of what consciousness is, the idea of instilling it into a machine—or understanding how a machine might evolve consciousness—becomes almost unfathomable.
The field of artificial intelligence started out with dreams of making thinking or conscious machines, but to debate, its achievements have been modest. The field has evolved to focus more on solving practical problems like complex scheduling tasks than on imitating human behavior.
But many believe that the original goals of artificial intelligence will be attainable within a few decades.
Some people, like Dr. Hans Moravec, a professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, believe a human being is nothing more than a fancy machine, and that it will be possible to build a machine with the same features, that there is nothing magical about the brain and biological flesh. "I’m confident we can build robot with behavior that is just as rich as human being behavior," he said. "You could quiz it as much as you like about its internal mental life, and it would answer as any human being." To Dr. Moravec, if it acts consciously, it is conscious. To ask more is pointless.
Dr. Chalmers, regards consciousness as an unutterable trait, and it may be useless to try to pin it down. "We’ve got to admit something here is irreducible," he said. "Some primitive precursor consciousness could go all the way down" to the smallest, most primitive organisms, he said. Dr. Chalmers too sees nothing fundamentally different between a creature of flesh and blood and one of metal, plastics and electronic circuits. "I’m quite open to the idea that machines might eventually become conscious," he said, adding that it would be "equally weird". And if a person gets into involved conversations with a robot about everything from Kant to baseball, "We’ll be as practically certain they are conscious as other people," he said. "Of course, that doesn’t resolve the theoretical question".
But others say machines, regardless of how complex, will never match people.
The arguments can become mysterious. In his book Shadows of the Mind, Dr. Roger Penrose, a mathematician at Oxford University, enlisted the incompleteness theorem in mathematics. He uses the theorem, which states that any system of theorems will invariably include statements that cannot be proven, to argue that any machine that uses computation—and hence all robots—will invariably fall short of the accomplishments of human mathematicians. Instead, he argues that consciousness is an effect of quantum mechanics in tiny structures in the brain that exceeds the abilities of any computer.
What is the author’s attitude toward the statement that robot has consciousness?
选项
A、Objective.
B、Critical.
C、Pessimistic.
D、Sarcastic.
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。作者并没有发表自己的看法,也没有在字里行间给出暗示,只是列举出两派:Dr. Hans Moravec,Dr. Chalmers与Roger Penrose的观点供读者评判和思考,所以正确答案为A 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FS2K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
TheproductionoftinoreintheUnitedStatesisrelativelyinsignificant,_______lessthanonehundredtonsannually.
Ihavealwaysthought_______ofMichael.
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmoreprone【C1】____
Wehavebeeneducatedtobehonestsinceearlychildhood.Butsomepeoplealsosaythatweshouldnotalwaystellthetruth.Wha
InAmericanuniversities,classesareoftenarrangedinmoreflexible______andmanyjobsoncampusarereservedforstudents.
Letusconsiderwhatscienceandtechnologyhavetocontributetothefoodproblem.Thesimplestwaytoincreasefoodprodu
WhathappenedtotheCubans?
______Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.
Noonecanbe______calmwhenfacingwithagreatdanger.
HowmanyprovincesandterritoriesdoesCanadahave?
随机试题
女,10岁。午餐时突发神志丧失,手中持碗失落,碗打碎后即醒。脑电图示3周/秒棘慢波规律性和对称性发放。最可能的诊断是()
A.气分证B.血分证C.卫分证D.营分证E.卫营同病证湿热酿痰,蒙蔽心包属于
张某和李某在上海共同建立一外贸公司,该外贸公司的建立已经获得批准,目前公司的员工招聘培训都已经展开,工商税务登记还在办理中,该外贸公司属于()性质的民事法律关系主体。
关于市盈率,下列说法正确的是()。
甲公司2013年每股股息为0.6元,预期今后每股股息将以每年11%的速度稳定增长。当前的无风险利率为6%,市场组合的风险溢价为5%,甲公司股票的β值为1.6。那么,甲公司股票当前的合理价格为()元。
企业培训是企业对员工业务知识、技能、态度和素质的培训。
给定资料十几年前,四川省广元市农技协秘书长冯文科刚入职广元市农技协时,大部分农村村民还住在低矮破旧的灰砖瓦房里,如今农村建起了新房,电脑、太阳能热水器等电器也进入了农家。在探索农村产业发展道路的过程中,冯文科表示:“农业发展缺技术是一个
“五条禁令”中规定,严禁在工作时间饮酒,违者予以辞退;造成严重后果的,予以开除。()
公务接待费
TheshortstoryhappenedonaSunday.Theoldmaniskindhearted.
最新回复
(
0
)