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  3. He changed the future without ever winning a vote or commanding an army. All Albert Einstein did was having an idea. It’s not a

He changed the future without ever winning a vote or commanding an army. All Albert Einstein did was having an idea. It’s not a

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问题     He changed the future without ever winning a vote or commanding an army. All Albert Einstein did was having an idea. It’s not a particularly easy one to grasp in all its ramifications, but the basic insight he expressed in his 1905 paper on special relativity is almost childlike in its simplicity. And yet it ushered in a new golden age of physics and did much to shape the course of the 20th century.
    It also transformed the way the future is made: not with wars and revolutions but with scientific insights. That much is still true. But it is history that science precedes at the hands of the occasional lone genius. These days, vast networks of laboratories sponsored by governments are all pushing to find the new thing. Discovery and invention, in the developed countries at least, have become regularized. The insights of individuals are still important, of course, but the overall effort relies less on any one genius. "In the late 19th century, you had predominantly the private inventor," says Yale historian Daniel Kevles. "Now you have the organized inventor. Scientific fields are crowded with geniuses. Everybody’s working at the big problems all the time. "
    This shift in the methodology of discovery has complicated matters. It is chiefly responsible for the complexity of machines, but also for the growing complexity of the act of inventing and building. The Pentagon awards a contract for a new jet fighter to a prime contractor, which passed the various systems and subsystems and components down through layers of subcontractors. "Henry Ford could understand every piece of his assembly line," says Don Kash, a technology expert at George Mason University in Washington D. C., "Nobody can do that at Toyota. "
    What’s different now, though, is how comfortable we’ve become with such complexity.
    Innovation is part of our lives in a way it hasn’t been for previous generations. In 1970, Alvin Toffler argued in Future Shock that technology was changing society so quickly that a person in the span of a single lifetime would find himself a stranger in his own culture. Toffler’s book struck home because many people felt that new technologies were bringing about change at a pace that was disorienting and not a little disturbing. These days we’ve learned how to ride the rocket of innovation. "My father thought the world would be the same," says Kash. "My children wake up every day thinking the world will be different. "
According to the passage, Einstein represents the people who
选项 A、change the future of the world through individual insights.
B、write simple essays to make abstract theories understandable.
C、end wars without using forces.
D、make breakthroughs to shape the course of history.
答案A
解析 根据本文内容，爱因斯坦代表的那类人[A]通过个人的洞察力改变世界的未来。[B]写简单的论文以使抽象的理论可以理解。[C]未使用武力就结束了战争。[D]取得突破以塑造历史的进程。此题表面看来像一道细节题，但仔细分析却在考查考生对第一段和第二段内容的理解。文章第一段列举爱因斯坦的伟大成就，第二段用but一词笔锋一转，谈到孤独的天才引领人类前进的时代已经结束。由此可以推断出爱因斯坦正是以个人天赋改变世界这类人的杰出代表。这正是[A]的内容。[B]、[C]、[D]都是爱因斯坦的功绩，而不是他代表的这类人的特点，与题干不符。
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