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  3. Though not the ideal shape for a Christmas stocking, this slim little volume could nevertheless make a welcome seasonal gift. La

Though not the ideal shape for a Christmas stocking, this slim little volume could nevertheless make a welcome seasonal gift. La

admin2010-07-19  68
问题    Though not the ideal shape for a Christmas stocking, this slim little volume could nevertheless make a welcome seasonal gift. Launched in Britain at the end of October, and covering just under 100 pages (with paragraphs inset almost to the middle of the page), it is not much more than an extended essay. But it presents an interesting idea eloquently and clearly, offering digestible brain food amid a surfeit of turkey and television.
   The author, Gerard Fairtlough, was a senior executive with Shell for many years before he left in 1980 to found a new biotechnology company called Celltech--recently bought by UCB, a Belgian group, for over $2 billion. He knows how businesses are run both well-established organisations, such as Shell, in which it can be hard to see an alternative to "the way things are done around here", and new start-ups, where the founders’ enthusiasm can evaporate if it has to be corralled into an organogram.
   The author’s thesis is that we are all addicted to hierarchy--partly because that is how we are hardwired, as are our simian cousins, but also because we do not realise there are other ways to run organisations. "The hegemony of hierarchy," writes Mr. Fairtlough, "makes us think the only alternative is disorganisation. we only compare hierarchy with anarchy or chaos."
   There are, he says, two alternatives to hierarchy (hence the title of the book). One is heterarchy; the other, "responsible autonomy".  Heterarchy is the form of structure commonly found in professional service firms, the partnerships of accountants or lawyers in which key decisions are taken by all the partners jointly. With responsible autonomy "an individual or a group has autonomy to decide what to do, but is accountable for the outcome of the decision." "Accountability," says Mr. Fairtlough, "is what makes responsible autonomy different from anarchy."
   The author says that hierarchy is so entrenched it will take years before there is any significant change. But he perhaps gives too little credit to the many companies that have moved (and are still moving) along the spectrum from hierarchy to responsible autonomy. BP, for example, a huge multinational, has managed to devolve authority to much smaller units in recent years and has decimated the staff in its headquarters. Toyota, likewise, evolved towards greater autonomy as it discovered that the only effective way to carry out its famous "just-in-time" system of stock control was by delegating responsibility for ordering stock to the person closest to the coal face. The fact that these are among the most successful companies in the world today strengthens Mr. Fairtlough’s case.
   The author has not just written a book, he has also set up a publishing firm to produce it. But Triarchy Press is not a vanity publisher, It exists because Mr. Fairtlough believes that traditional business-book publishers are too focused on engineering bestsellers. He wants Triarchy Press to provide a sort of transition, a way books can test the water, at low cost, to see how the public responds. If they get a warm reception they can subsequently be given the full publishing treatment. The danger is that the public will not notice. For first they have to find their way to a website: www. TriarchyPress. co. uk.
Which of the following is NOT true about Gerard Fairtlough?
选项 A、He is quite experienced in running organisations.
B、He is against the traditional way of running businesses.
C、He was quite familiar with the topic of hierarchy.
D、He began to work for large companies after his business closed down.
答案D
解析 细节题。由题干中的Gerard Fairtlough定位至第二段。首句提到He was a senior executive with Shell…before he left in 1980 to found a new biotechnology company。可见他在自己成立公司之前曾在壳牌工作了许多年，并非自己公司倒闭了之后才去的大公司，[D]与文意不符，故为答案。第二句指出他深谙公司经营之道，[A]符合文意。第三段首句指出书的主题是hierarchy(等级)，可推知Gerard Fairtlough对该题目有深入的了解，[C]符合文意。从其中的we are all addicted to hierarchy和该段末句中的The hegemony of hierarchy可以看出，Gerard对公司这种运营方式是不赞成的，[B]符合文意。
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