首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparations A. Planning【T1】______【T1】______ B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】
How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparations A. Planning【T1】______【T1】______ B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】
admin
2017-03-07
11
问题
How to Write a Dissertation
I. Two necessary preparations
A. Planning【T1】______【T1】______
B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】______
all you have to do: devote time to physical, social,
intellectual,【T3】______ well-being【T3】______
II. The general idea
A. A thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture
B. A dissertation is a lengthy,【T4】______【T4】______
1. Scientific method
The scientific method needs a【T5】______ of evidence【T5】______
— to support a hypothesis
— to deny a hypothesis
2.【T6】______【T6】______
— the essence of a dissertation
— a dissertation【T7】______ principles【T7】______
3. Supporting materials
A dissertation must【T8】______ every statement with a【T8】______
reference or original work
— It does not repeat details of published materials
— It uses the results as fact
III. Learning from the exercise
A Getting trained to【T9】______ with other scientists【T9】______
B. Learning to think deeply
IV. Definitions and terminology
A Each technical term must be defined
— by a reference to a definition【T10】______【T10】______
— by a precise, unambiguous definition before
a)the term is used for a new term
b)a standard term used in an unusual way
B. Each term should be used in one and only one way
throughout the dissertation
V. Language points
A. Good writing is【T11】______ in a dissertation【T11】______
B. Using active constructions
C. Writing in the【T12】______tense【T12】______
D.【T13】______negation early【T13】______
E. Paying attention to【T14】______【T14】______
VI. Key to success:【T15】______【T15】______
【T11】
How to Write a Dissertation
Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to today’s lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that it’s difficult! So, in today’s lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation.
The foremost things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful completion of a dissertation.
The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices.
The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical social intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being.
Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term "thesis" to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning.
No. 1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopted in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form.
No. 2: Critical thinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them.
No. 3: Supporting materials. In general, every statement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources: it uses the results as fact and refers the reader to the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter: the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science.
Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the exercise. A11 scientists need to communicate discoveries: the dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion.
When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later.
Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. good writing is essential in a dissertation. As for voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say "the operating system starts the device" instead of "the device is started by the operating system." Then write in the present tense. For example, say "The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame" instead of "The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk". Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say "no data block waits on the output queue" instead of "a data block awaiting output is not on the queue." At last you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because "for all" and "there exists" are reversed.
As far as the language points are concerned, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation.
To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation: What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth.
选项
答案
essential∥important∥vital
解析
此题涉及人们必须知道的最重要原则,即Good writing is essential in a dissertation.由此可知答案为essential,或其近义表达important或vital。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FmzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ConsiderationsofLearning-centeredTeachingI.IntroductionA.goalofmostcourses:toenhancestudents’understanding—differ
Allhisnovelsrevealthat,astimewenton,MarkTwainbecameincreasingly______
Sincethedawnofe-mail,usingsarcasmindigitalcommunicationhascreatedstrifeandconfusionbetweenfriends,colleaguesan
HowtoSpeakGoodEnglishI.IntroductionA.Manylearnershavingdifficultyincommunicatingduetothelackof【B1】______and
NewZealandershaveadoptedtheirnamefromthekiwi,
都市寸土千金,地价炒得越来越高。今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望,对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望,一种梦想。我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发,人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别,除了众所周知的诸多方面,恐怕
OnMay13,1940,WinstonChurchill,thenewlyappointedBritishPrimeMinister,gavehisfirstspeechtoParliament,hewasprep
A、Theissuesthataffectpublichealth.B、Theissuesthateveryoneencountersindailylife.C、Theissuesthatattractmostpubl
A、Exquisite.B、Elegant.C、Concise.D、Humorous.C根据句(9)可知,富兰克林认为好的文章应该通顺、明了、简短,即简明,因此答案为[C]。
随机试题
A.风邪外袭之头痛B.痰浊上逆之头痛C.血不上奉之头痛D.肝阳上亢之头痛E.瘀血阻络之头痛川芎茶调散主治()
A.胆汁性呕吐B.粪性呕吐C.血性呕吐D.呕吐物为宿食低位肠梗阻常表现为
表示均数抽样误差大小的统计指标是
下列对法官的规定中。哪些表述是正确的?()
下列各项经济业务中,资产发生变化的是()。
甲公司在2006年制定了未来五年的发展战略,其中一个重点就是要以出口的形式扩大海外市场。但意想不到的是2007年发生了世界范围内的经济危机,造成出口订单锐减,公司不得不修改原来制定的出口战略,转向国内市场。从战略失效的角度看,这属于()。
功能固着也可以看作是一种定势,即从物体的正常功能的角度来考虑问题的定势。有时候功能固着能够对问题解决起积极作用,有时候起消极作用。()
姥姥的端午①十余年前的五月,姥姥忙碌完生命里最后一个端午,便匆匆离去。②此后每自清明夜始,随着金银花的细碎步声,临近粽香五月,便有姥姥的絮语叮咛,踱着疲惫的小脚,轻轻推门,轻轻走近,拾起床边垂落的被角,为我一掩再掩。③物质极度贫瘠的岁月,端午,在童年
A、 B、 C、 D、 C图形中小图形的种类数依次是1、2、3、4、(5)。
根据以下资料回答101-105题2007年,全国研究与试验发展(R&D)经费总支出为3710.2亿元,增长23.5%,研究与试验发展(R& D)经费投入强度(与国内生产总值之比)为1.49%。按研究与试验发展人员(全时工作量)计算的人均经费支出为21.4
最新回复
(
0
)