College Studying I. The【T1】of preparation for college studying【T1】______ —College studying is well accepted both in theory and i

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问题                             College Studying
I. The【T1】of preparation for college studying【T1】______
—College studying is well accepted both in theory and in practice.
—Study strategies are hidden because teachers assume that their
students have already fully prepared.
II. The factors related to effective studying and active learning
1.【T2】characteristics【T2】______
The first factor is a student’s ability to understand the situation or
context.
The【T3】factors include:【T3】______
1)The texts
—Early research was mainly concerned with text structure:
—Current research heads in two directions:
a)There has been a recent emphasis on how students approach
text in a variety of【T4】【T4】______
b)College students should use【T5】strategies to interact with【T5】______
lecture notes.
2)The academic tasks
—Students should understand their academic tasks and adjust
their【T6】accordingly.【T6】______
—Two focused areas:
a)How tasks vary across domains
b)The use of【T7】methodology【T7】______
2. Characteristics of【T8】【T8】______
—prior knowledge
a)First generation of knowledge: laying the【T9】【T9】______
b)Second generation of knowledge: examining knowledge related to social and cultural contexts.
—metacognitive abilities
—motivational levels
—【T10】: key to how information is processed【T10】______
【T3】
College Studying
    Good morning. Today’s lecture is about college studying. It is well accepted both in theory and in practice that academically successful college students know how to study. Research suggests, however, that many students enter postsecondary institutions unprepared to meet the studying demands placed on them. This lack of preparation can be traced, in part, to the "hidden curriculum" at the secondary level. That is, study strategies are "hidden" because teachers at all levels assume that their students already have a repertoire of studying behavior when they enter the classroom.
    We will mainly talk about the two factors related to effective studying and active learning. They are as follows:
     (2)First, course characteristics. The first factor that influences studying at the college level is a student’s ability to understand the situation or context. Many people describe context as the characteristics of a course, or the external factors that influence reading and studying. These external factors include the texts that are assigned and the academic tasks that are either tacitly or explicitly communicated by the professor. First, we will discuss the role of text.
    Early research examining text was mainly concerned with text structure. Currently, text research, as it is related to college studying, seems to be heading in two directions.
     (4)First, there has been a recent emphasis on how students approach text in a variety of domains, particularly in history and science, as well as on students’ beliefs about these texts.
    A second direction that currently is drawing interest examines lecture notes as texts, particularly how students attempt to organize and study these texts as part of test preparation.(5)The results from these studies, which are helping to create a theory of note-taking beyond the encoding-storage perspective, strongly support the notion that college students should use generative strategies to interact with lecture notes.
    The second course-specific characteristic is academic tasks, the products students are asked to formulate and the operations or thinking processes they should use to do so. To be successful in their studying, students must understand the characteristics and nuances of academic tasks and then adjust their strategies accordingly.
    Current research on academic tasks has focused on two areas. Some researchers have investigated how tasks vary across domains.(7)Other studies have investigated academic tasks using case study methodology to describe the patterns of students’ interpretation of academic tasks, their choice of strategies, and their subsequent academic performance.
     (8)The second factor is characteristics of the learner. The important things to active learning are students’ prior knowledge, metacognitive abilities, motivational levels, and interest in what they are reading or studying.
     (9)Research has examined the role of prior knowledge in comprehension and learning into two periods: first generation of knowledge, which lays the groundwork, and second generation of knowledge, which examines knowledge as it relates to social and cultural contexts. Moreover,(10)interest is key in determining how students process information, and that interesting information seems to be processed differently from uninteresting information.
    To sum up, we mainly discussed the research factors related to studying at the college level: course characteristics and learner characteristics. Thanks for your attention.

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答案external

解析 本题为细节题。此处考查影响大学学习的外部因素:Many people describecontext as the characteristics of a course,or the external factors that influence reading andstudying.These external factors include the texts…and the academic tasks…即很多人把环境描述为课程的特征或影响阅读和学习的外部因素,这些外部因素包括文本和学术任务。因此填入external。
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