首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffe
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffe
admin
2011-01-02
43
问题
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffen, For example the lungs and the heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten.
Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers have discovered that a process long known to discolor and toughen foods may also contribute to age-related impairment of both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation, whereby glucose becomes attached to proteins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so at a specific site on a specific protein molecule for a specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process adds glucose haphazardly to any of several sites along any available peptide chain within a protein molecule.
This nonenzymatic glyeosylation of certain proteins has been understood by food chemists for decades, although few biologists recognized until recently that the same steps could take place in the body. Nonenzymatic glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of glucose and an amino group (HN2) of a protein are attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming what is called a Schiff base within the protein. This combination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself into a stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an Amadori product.
If a given protein persists in the body for months or years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived structures. These can combine with various kinds of molecules to farm irreversible structures named advanced glycosylation end products (AGE’s). Most AGE’s are yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific spectrographic properties. More important for the body, many are also able to cross-link adjacent proteins, particularly ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although no one has yet satisfactorily described the origin of all such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity characteristic of aging tissues.
In an attempt to link this process with the development of cataracts (the browning and clouding of the lens of the eye as people age), researchers studied the effect of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions remained clear but solutions with glucose caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked. The clusters diffracted light, making the solution opaque. The researchers also discovered that the pigmented cross-links in human cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence characteristic of AGE’ s. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may contribute to cataract formation.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the process that discolors and toughens foods?
选项
A、It takes place more slowly than glycosylation in the human body.
B、It requires a higher ratio of glucose to protein than glycosylation requires in the human body.
C、It does not require the aid of enzymes to attach glucose to protein.
D、It proceeds more quickly when the food proteins have a molecular structure similar to that of crystallin proteins.
答案
C
解析
该题问:根据文章,下面哪一个关于使食物失色干燥的过程的说法是否正确? C项意为“它无需酶的帮助也能把葡萄糖依附于蛋白质”。A项意为“它比人体内糖基化过程进行(发生)得更慢”;B项意为“它需要比人体内糖基化所需的葡萄糖、蛋白比例更高”;D项意为“当食物蛋白具有和晶体状蛋白相似的结构时,它进行得更快”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GBeO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Historicaldevelopmentsofthepasthalfcenturyandtheinventionofmoderntelecommunicationandtransportationtechnologiesh
Beforeconsideringthisquestionitisinterestingtoreviewbrieflytheevolutionofthemindas【M
Therehavebeenagreatmanyexplanations,someofthemverycomplicated,ofthegreatdemandforcollegeeducationinAmerica,
1 Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedas
1 Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedas
A、millionsofinstructionspersecondB、discountC、remoteconnectionD、managementcommitteeC
A、calmandquiet.B、nervousandnumb.C、timidandconfused.D、shockedandangry.A本题也是考查总体理解。虽然被访者经历了一个terriblesituation,但她还是较
C美国文学之作家概况。HenryJames是美国著名小说家,和MarkTwain同时代。他的代表作有TheAmerican和ThePortraitofaLady。
Inaccordancewiththemissionithassetitselftofurtherthedevelopmentofsport,theInternationalOlympicCommitteestrive
IwassavedfromsinwhenIwasgoingonthirteen.Butnotreallysaved.Ithappenedlikethis.TherewasabigrevivalatmyAu
随机试题
关于苯氧乙酸类降血酯药的构效关系描述不准确的是
下列以划拨方式取得土地使用权期限的表述中,何者是正确的?(2011年第17题)
合金钢条(含碳0.6%、锰1.5%、硅2.0%)
在我国刑事诉讼中,依法无权行使刑事侦查权的是()。
以下有关外汇“期权宝”的说法中正确的是( )。
下列各项中,不会引起无形资产账面价值发生增减变动的有()。
农机产业的快速发展为农机化水平的稳定提升提供了装备(),但目前农机产品的有效供给远不能满足发展现代农业对其的()。
不属于幼儿园教师工作主要职责的是()
二十四节气反映了我国的自然地理环境特征,下列说法正确的是()。
道德修养是一个循序渐进的过程,古人云:“积土成山,风雨兴焉;积水成渊,蛟龙生焉;积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉。故不积跬步,无以至千里;不积小流,无以成江海。”下列名言中与这段话在含义上近似的是()
最新回复
(
0
)