首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving " executive function"(which involves the
(1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving " executive function"(which involves the
admin
2019-05-30
58
问题
(1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving " executive function"(which involves the brain’s ability to plan and prioritize), better defense against dementia in old age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language. One purported advantage was not mentioned, though. Many multilinguals report different personalities, or even different worldviews, when they speak their different languages.
(2)It’s an exciting notion, the idea that one’s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages. In obvious ways(exposure to new friends, literature and so forth)the self really is broadened. Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language. A former Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going on here?
(3)Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers. Often called " Whorfianism" , this idea has its sceptics, but there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.
(4)This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap(answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer)than when tested in their native language. In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared in from childhood.
(5)What of "crib" bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.
(6)Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the power of "priming"—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.
(7)So there are two very good reasons(asymmetrical ability, and priming)that make people feel different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though. An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero, Athanasia Chalari, said for example that:
Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often. The reason for that is the Greek grammar and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more easily.
(8)Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt? People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages’ inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical. But language myths are not always self-flattering: many speakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult—witness the plethora of books along the lines of " Only in English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway: English must be the craziest language in the world!" We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes: French, rigorous: German, logical: English, playful. Of course.
(9)In this case, Ms Chalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causation from grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting each other. Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.
In discussing the issue, the author’s attitude is______.
选项
A、satirical
B、objective
C、critical
D、ambivalent
答案
B
解析
观点态度题。本题解答需综合全文的主要信息。文章开头提出了使用双语会有一些明显的优势,进而提出一个问题,语言会不会像一些双语使用者所感觉到的那样,改变人们的性格和世界观呢,在其后的段落中,作者深入探讨了双语对人们思维的影响,而其论述多是通过引用观点、列举事例等方法,很少直接评述,可见其在探讨论题时,所持的态度是客观的,故[B]为正确答案。由上述分析可知,作者是在探讨一个学术话题,论述方式是提出问题,试图加以回答,且多方引用他人的观点,没有掺杂任何情感因素,也没有对任何观点进行评判,故排除[A]“讽刺的”和[C]“批评的”;作者在文末引用知名学者的观点,对文中提出的论题给出了确定的答案,故排除[D]“模棱两可的”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GEbK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Thoseofusinvolvedintheinternationalizationofhighereducationrelyonaseriesofassumptionsthatareoftennotsupport
A、Becauseoldpeopleknowwhentheyshouldgotothehospital.B、Becauseoldpeoplearehealthyfromtheirchildhoodtomiddlea
Learningforeignlanguages,bothatschooloraftergraduation,canberewardedinmanyways.Unfortunately,people【S1】______j
(1)Divorceisoneofthosecreations,likefastfoodandliterock,thathasmorepeoplewillingtoindulgeinitthanpeoplewi
Part-timejobsarebeneficialtocollegestudentsinmanyaspects,andsomepeoplebelievethatseniorhighschoolstudentsshou
CrossCulturalBusinessPresentationsWithinthebusinessenvironment,understandingandcopingwithinterculturaldifferencesb
CrossCulturalBusinessPresentationsWithinthebusinessenvironment,understandingandcopingwithinterculturaldifferencesb
ThreeConceptsinArtHistoryI.Commonalities-Certainchunkof【T1】_____,【T1】______withinwhich【T2】_____wereshared【T2】_____
WritinganArgumentativeEssayI.ThestructureofanargumentativeessayA.introduction:—atopic—some【T1】______informatio
HowtoBeanExpertI.BackgroundinformationaboutthespeakerA.BeinganexpertinanthropologyhimselfB.Startingconsider
随机试题
非政府组织()。
混凝土的强度等级是以混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值划分的。()
金融期货交易是指以()为对象进行的流通转让活动。
甲公司正在编制下一年度的生产预算,期末产成品存货按照下季度销量的10%安排。预计一季度和二季度的销售量分别为150件和200件,一季度的预计生产量是()件。
(2008年真题)下列图书术语,与简牍相关的有()。
在生活中也有放射性物质能通过多种途径进入人体,造成对机体的慢性损害。例如,含有一些放射性物质的建筑材料造成居室内放射性污染加重,有少量放射性物质的燃煤造成空气污染,佩戴含有放射性物质的异常光彩夺目的或廉价合成的首饰制品对人体也有严重的损害。在日常生活中,医
在一次考古发掘中,考古人员在一座唐代古墓中发现多片先秦时期的夔文(音kuí,一种变体的龙文)陶片。对此,专家解释说,由于雨水冲刷等原因,这些先秦时期的陶片后来被冲至唐代的墓穴中。以下哪项如果为真,最能质疑上述专家的观点?()
20世纪50年代中国小说界出现了一批故事性强的长篇革命英雄传奇小说,以下不属于这类风格的是:
如果准备读文件,打开随机文件“text.dat”的正确语句是()。
Acontinuingphenomenoninbusinesseducationistheemphasisonethics.TheAmericanAssemblyofCollegiateSchoolsofBusiness
最新回复
(
0
)