首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory" The famous Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) proposed an important theory o
"Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory" The famous Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) proposed an important theory o
admin
2012-01-14
38
问题
"Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory"
The famous Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) proposed an important theory of cognitive development. Piaget’s theory states that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development. Two processes underlie this cognitive construction of the world: organization and adaptation. To make sense of our world, we organize our experiences. For example, we separate important ideas from less important ideas. We connect one idea to another.
But not only do we organize our observations and experiences, we also adapt our thinking to include new ideas because additional information furthers understanding.
Piaget (1954) believed that we adapt in two ways: assimilation and accommodation.
→ Assimilation occurs when individual is incorporate new information into their existing knowledge. Accommodation occurs when individual is adjust to new information. Consider a circumstance in which a 9-year-old girl is given a hammer and nails to hang a picture on the wall. She has never used a hammer, but from observation and vicarious experience she realizes that a hammer is an object to be held, that it is swung by the handle to hit the nail, and that it is usually swung a number of times. Recognizing each of these things, she fits her behavior into the information she already has (assimilation). However, the hammer is heavy, so she holds it near the top. She swings too hard and the nail bends, so she adjusts the pressure of her strikes. These adjustments reveal her ability to
alter
slightly her conception of the world (accommodation).
Piaget thought that assimilation and accommodation operate even in the very young infant’s life. Newborns reflexively suck everything that touches their lips (assimilation), but, after several months of experience, they construct their understanding of the world differently. Some objects, such as fingers and the mother’s breast, can be sucked, but
others
such as fuzzy blankets, should not be sucked (accommodation).
Piaget also believed that we go through four stages in understanding the world. Each of the stages is age-related and consists of
distinct
ways of thinking. Remember, it is the different way of understanding the world that makes one stage more advanced than another; knowing more information does not make the child’s thinking more advanced, in the Piagetian view. This is what Piaget meant when he said the child’s cognition is qualitatively different in one stage compared to another (Vidal, 2000). A What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development like?
B The sensorimotor stage, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age, is the first Piagetian stage. In this stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with physical, motoric actions-hence the term sensorimotor. C At the end of the stage, 2-year-olds have
sophisticated
sensorimotor patterns and are beginning to operate with primitive symbols. D
→The preoperational stage, which lasts from approximately 2 to 7 years of age, is the second Piagetian stage. In this stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. Symbolic thought goes beyond simple connections of sensory information and physical action. However, although preschool children can symbolically represent the world, according to Piaget, they still lack the ability to perform operations, the Piagetian term for internalized mental, actions that allow children to do mentally what they previously did physically.
→The concrete operational stage, which lasts from approximately 7 to 11 years of age, is the third Piagetian stage. In this stage, children can perform operations, and logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples. For instance, concrete operational thinkers cannot imagine the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation, which is too abstract for thinking at this stage of development.
→The formal operational stage, which appears between the ages of 11 and 15, is the fourth and final Piagetian stage. In this stage, individuals move beyond concrete experiences and think in abstract and more logical terms. As part of thinking more abstractly, adolescents develop images of ideal circumstances. They might think about what an ideal parent is like and compare their parents to this ideal standard. They begin to entertain possibilities for the future and are fascinated with what they can be. In solving problems, formal operational thinkers are more systematic, developing hypotheses about why something is happening the way it is, then testing these hypotheses in a deductive manner.
Look at the four squares [■] that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage. At the beginning of this stage, newborns have little more than reflexive patterns with which to work. Where could the sentence best be added? Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.
选项
答案
C
解析
Chronological order is a transitional device that connects the insert sentence with the following sentence. "At the beginning" should appear in the sentence before "At the end" in reference to the sensorimotor stage.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GUyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Atthestartofthetutorial,thetutoremphasisestheimportanceofAnimportantpartofteamworkishavingtrustinyour
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.EngineeringforsustainabledevelopmentTheGreenhou
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.EngineeringforsustainabledevelopmentTheGreenhou
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.EngineeringforsustainabledevelopmentTheGreenhou
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.EngineeringforsustainabledevelopmentTheGreenhou
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Therestaurantisfamousfor
NarratorListentoapartofalectureinanecologyclass.ThefollowingarepartsoftheHydrologiccycleEXCEPT______.
"TheHydrologicCycle"→Thehydrologiccycleisthetransferofwaterfromtheoceanstotheatmospheretothelandandback
"TheHydrologicCycle"→Thehydrologiccycleisthetransferofwaterfromtheoceanstotheatmospheretothelandandback
随机试题
多级放大电路间的耦合方式是指信号的放大关系。()
如何理解社会主义市场经济体制对经济发展的推动作用?
长期大量应用糖皮质激素可导致
根据我国《保险法》第52条的规定,投保人对()人员具有保险利益
下列各项中,影响财务杠杆系数的因素有()。
目前我国行政组织横向划分的方法主要有()。
第二次世界大战结束后.美国占领日本,采取削弱日本的政策。1948年,美国改行扶植日本的政策,力图将日本建成冷战的前哨阵地。这一政策转变()。
我国《行政处罚法》明确规定行政法规不得设定的处罚种类是()。
试论新高考背景下课堂教学的变化以及教师如何应对?
It’swellknownthatbiganimals,likepolarbears,aresensitivetoclimatechange.TheEarthwarms,polarice【B1】______,andt
最新回复
(
0
)