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  3. Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high u

Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high u

admin2016-02-04  47
问题     Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
    But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?
    The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(令人气馁，令人望而生畏)thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
    Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assumes this norm today, and restricts more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
    It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
    All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.
Questions:
What can we infer from the passage?
选项 A、Universal employment is a sign of prosperity.
B、Employment in a way leads to discrimination between different sexes and people of different age groups.
C、The unemployed should take as many part-time jobs as possible.
D、Employment distances people from the places where they lived, but modern transportation will compensate for that.
答案B
解析 第5题问我们从文章中可以推断出什么，我们可以针对四个备选答案所叙述的内容，利用查阅式阅读和研究式阅读法，通过分析判断将错误答案排除，从中选出正确答案B：就业在某种程度上导致了性别歧视和对不同年龄段的人群的差别对待。与此正确答案相一致的内容在文章第四段的最后一部分和第五段中有所体现。而A、C和D在文章中均没有提及，也不能推断出这三个结论，因此，均为错误答案。
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