首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Writing Experimental Reports I. Content of an experimental report, e.g. — study subject/area — study purpose【T1】______【T1】______
Writing Experimental Reports I. Content of an experimental report, e.g. — study subject/area — study purpose【T1】______【T1】______
admin
2019-03-26
59
问题
Writing Experimental Reports
I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.
— study subject/area
— study purpose【T1】______【T1】______
II. Presentation of an experimental report
-【T2】______【T2】______
— regarding readers as【T3】______【T3】______
III. Structure of an experimental report
— feature: highly structured and【T4】______【T4】______
— sections and their content
INTRODUCTION【T5】______: why you did it【T5】______
METHOD how you did it
RESULTS what you found out
【T6】______ what you think it shows【T6】______
IV. Sense of readership
—【T7】______: reader is the marker【T7】______
—【T8】______: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person【T8】______
with little knowledge of your study
— tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:
- introduction to relevant area
-【T9】______【T9】______
- development of clear arguments
- definition of【T10】______【T10】______
- precise description of data【T11】______【T11】______
V.【T12】______ in report writing【T12】______
— early stage:
- understanding of study subject/area and its【T13】______【T13】______
- basic grasp of the report’s format
— later stage:
【T14】______ on research significance【T14】______
— things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:
- inadequate material
-【T15】______ of research justification for the study【T15】______
【T7】
Writing Experimental Reports
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write experimental reports.
When you first signed up for a course in university, like a psychology course, chances are that you didn’t really expect what was coming in your study: particularly, the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that you have already known something about the course. For most, however, I dare say, it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system.
No doubt in other parts of your course study, you will read books and journals, examining, critically, models and theories, assumptions and hypotheses put forward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting.
Then what is an experimental report?
All a report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process, and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient storyteller, whose stories were structured in accordance with widely recognized and long-established conventions, than a modern novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the storyteller of old, although you will invariably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. This means that you will need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience.
Then, perhaps, you may ask, what is the nature of the conventions governing the report?
A clue, I think, can be found in its basic structure. A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and these sections, by and large, follow an established sequence. What this means is that, in the telling, your story is to be cut up into chunks: different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. What you did and why you did it appear in the section called INTRODUCTION. How you did it is in the METHOD section. And what you found out is in the RESULT section. And, finally, what you think it shows appears in the DISCUSSION part. As you can see, the report, therefore, is a formal document composed of a series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as we go along. For example, what are the subsections in the METHOD?
But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away.
The first of these concerns the person to whom you should address your report, whom I shall call "your reader". A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report. In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else — an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which it took place. Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind. So you need to make sure that you have:
1. introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study:
2. provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it:
3. spelt out and developed your arguments clearly:
4. defined technical terms:
And 5. provided precise details of the way in which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained.
In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader’s knowledge of your area of study. So when in doubt, spell it out. This is my advice to you.
If you find this difficult to do, then a useful approach is to write the report as if it would be read by someone you know who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject. A friend of yours, say. Write it as if this person were going to have to read and understand it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to get just such a person to read your report before handing it in.
The demands and expectations placed upon you will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as an author of experimental reports, less will be expected of you than later. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report’s format.
Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention to this research significance of what you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of topic and design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice. So you must be able to tell us why it is, that given the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, paying particular attention to how they will fit into the part of INTRODUCTION. Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are:
First, a lack of adequate material to put in the section:
And second the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification, because it is based on assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area.
Thinking clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes.
OK. Today we’ve had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time, we will discuss how to write up the INTRODUCTION section.
选项
答案
a common mistake//mistaken assumption//wrong//incorrect
解析
材料提到,如果实验报告的作者把该报告的评阅者当作自己的读者,这样假设就错了。因此,应填acommon mistake,或填入mistaken assumption等表示“错误”的表达。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GcEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefor
ItisinterestingtoreflectforamomentuponthedifferencesintheareasofmoralfeelingandstandardsinthepeoplesofJa
Communicationisfarmorethanspeechandwriting.Mostofusareawarethatwearecommunicatinginmanydifferentwayseven【S1
Theterm"print"hasseveralmeanings,soitisimportanttounderstandexactlywhatismeantbytheartisticterminology.Apr
Inanagewhereglobalizationisthetrend,learningaforeignlanguagebecomesessential.Becauseofglobalization,citizenso
Dopupilsinschoollearntoreadtheirmothertongueeffectively?Yesandno.Upatthefifthandsixthgrade,reading,onthe
Dopupilsinschoollearntoreadtheirmothertongueeffectively?Yesandno.Upatthefifthandsixthgrade,reading,onthe
PASSAGETWOWhatarethecharacteristicsoftoday’sbusiness-schoolgraduates?
IhavebeenteachingforlongerthanIcaretosay,andalwaysofferacourseforenteringfreshmen.AndI’vediscoveredsomet
A、Anintroductiontoacourse.B、Adiscussionabouthomework.C、Anintroductiontoapet.D、Asuggestiononraisingadog.B对话开头
随机试题
楞次定律指出:由感生电流产生的磁场总是________原磁场的变化。
影响集权与分权的因素有哪些?
患者男,58岁,半年前开始出现劳累后心前区疼痛,向左肩背部放射,休息3~5min后缓解,平均每月发作1~2次,未诊治,1周前,无诱因出现心前区紧缩性疼痛,伴心悸及恐惧感,含服硝酸甘油10min后可稍缓解。既往健康,吸烟20年,10~20支/d,饮酒少量。查
在下列选项中,()具有存款创造的功能。
根据规范性文件的内容和行政立法的实践,以下属于行政立法程序的是()
商业银行面临的市场风险可以分为()。
在word的编辑状态下,当鼠标指针移动到图片上变成(1)形状时,可以拖动对图形在水平和垂直两个方向上进行缩放;若选择了表格的一行,并执行了表格菜单中的“删除列”命令,则(2)。 (1)
无论什么控件,都有一个共同的属性,这个属性是______。
Areorganicallygrownfoodsthebestfoodchoices?Theadvantagesclaimedforsuchfoods【C1】_____conventionallygrownfoodp
"Laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou;weep,andweepalone.SowrotethepoetEllaWheelerCox.Emotionsarecatching,andmost
最新回复
(
0
)