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Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geoscience were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendat

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问题     Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geoscience were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts Christopher Intagliata reports.
    As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导) , and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.
    "Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ’The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind."
    Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.
    Dutt say they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.
    "We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level," which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.
What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geoscience?
选项 A、There are many more men applying than women.
B、Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
C、More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
D、Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.
答案C
解析 本题可参照文章的第1段。从文章的第1段可知，与男性申请者相比，地球科学博士后职位的女性申请者获得优秀推荐信的几率大概是男性的一半。据此可知，女性的机会大概是男性的一半，所以男性更有可能获得优秀的推荐信。C项正确。A、D两项不正确，文中未提及。B项不正确，文中说正如许多其他领域L样，性别偏见在科学研究中也很普遍。男性的起薪更高，获得的指导更多，被录用的几率更高，而题目问的是关于地球科学博士后职位的申请者。C项与文章的意思相符，因此C项为正确答案。
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