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  3. The Shy Architect: Ratan Tata Casting about for someone to run a big family firm when a successful tyrant is due to retire i

The Shy Architect: Ratan Tata Casting about for someone to run a big family firm when a successful tyrant is due to retire i

admin2012-07-11  32
问题                         The Shy Architect: Ratan Tata
    Casting about for someone to run a big family firm when a successful tyrant is due to retire is usually a troublesome business. When the firm is still controlled by the same family that founded it back when John D. Rockefeller was gobbling up refineries in Cleveland, it becomes still more daunting. Add the fact that the ruling family are Parsees, a small Zoroastrian sect who have been intermarrying in India for over a thousand years, and the odds of finding someone who is up to the job lengthen again.
The "individualist" or "loner"
    Yet after indifferent early reviews, Ratan Tata has transformed the Tata group, of which he is chairman. When he took over from his uncle, J. R. D. Tata, it was a troublesome conglomerate (企业集团) with stakes in a huge collection of companies that seemed likely to wither in the face of foreign competition. Now it makes foreign acquisitions and ventures into unfamiliar markets. Tata Steel’s bidding war with CSN, a Brazilian firm, over Corus, an Anglo-Dutch steelmaker, is just one example of the once-staid group’s new boldness. Mr. Tata was recently voted Indian of the Year by viewers of an Indian television channel, beating both Sachin Tendulkar, India’s greatest cricketer, and Aishwarya Rai, the country’s most famous screen goddess. And he has succeeded partly because he is what his friends call an individualist, and others might call a loner.
    Mr. Tata does not like publicity and avoids the platforms and applause of conferences. He lives frugally, does not drink or smoke and seems baffled by the idea of time spent not working. Asked what he would do with it, he usually replies that he would walk his dog along the beach near Mumbai. He does not seem to be motivated by money, and talks constantly about fairness and doing the right thing. "I want to be able to go to bed at night and say that I haven’t hurt anybody." Mr. Tata says twice in the course of an interview at a hotel in New Delhi owned by the sprawling group.
    Mr. Tata became chairman in 1991, just as India’s economy was opening up. His uncle, who had run Tata for more than 50 years, had started Tata Airlines (which became Air India) and was to India what Gianni Agnelli of Fiat was to Italy. He was a good-looking philanthropist (慈善家) with a French wife and held the first pilot’s licence to be issued in India. His shy and unglamorous nephew, in contrast, trained as an architect at Cornell University, joined quietly into the family firm and was not marked out for the succession even when his uncle was due to retire.
    Despite all the glory that surrounded J. R. D. , when he retired in 1991, Tata was a group of companies ill-equipped to deal with the changes about to sweep through India. It earned most of its money in old-fashioned industries that had grown fat during the centrally planned "licence raj", when the government set limits on how much firms were allowed to produce and protected them from foreign competitors.
    The stakes held by the family in many of the 300-odd companies in the group were tiny, and the main Tata businesses were run as independent fiefs by men much older than Mr. Tata. They might have expected Mr. Tata, who had never held an executive position, to leave them alone. Instead, he retired them, improving their pensions to soften the blow. He sold stakes in some companies and used cash from the sales and revenue from Tata Consultancy Services, India’s largest IT firm, to reinforce control of those that remained. There are now a mere 96 companies in the group, and Tata Sons now owns at least 26% of each of them. That has made the portfolio a little easier to manage, but it leaves Mr. Tata more isolated at the top.
    Shortly after he became group chairman, Mr. Tata also decided that Tata Motors would make its own cars, even though a joint venture with a foreign firm would have been easier. Critics grumbled that a good truck business was about to be destroyed for the sake of an ill-conceived vanity project. But after a difficult start, Tata Motors is now India’s second-biggest carmaker by sales. "If he had listened to what everyone told him, he would never have done it," notes one of Mr. Tata’s friends.
First, do no harm
    Although he has made Tata’s big businesses more competitive and more inclined to look beyond India’s borders — Corus would be just the latest in a series of foreign acquisitions — Mr. Tata has also run it in keeping with Tata’s public-spirited tradition. Two-thirds of Tata Sons is owned by charitable trusts that frequently help the poor to improve the standard of living in India. The firm is known for refusing to pay bribes and for treating workers well. The children of Tata’s steelworkers were given free education back in 1917. Foreign investors sometimes wonder if this is good for business. "At first I didn’t have an answer," Mr. Tata says. "But then I asked myself: am I competitive? Yes. And this is the way companies are moving."
    Mr. Tata’s latest car project — producing a vehicle that will sell for under $3,000 — combines two of the things that keep him from those walking along the beach: securing the fortunes of the family group and pleasing a highly developed sense of fairness. The factory will be in West Bengal, a state chosen partly because it is in need of industrial development. West Bengal’s government is eager for the investment, but Tata Motors has faced protesting farmers, a politician on hunger strike and, Mr. Tata thinks, commercial rivals trying to prevent the birth of a more affordable car. Tata Motors is sticking it out, and expects to secure the land to build its new plant at the end of the month.
    Now Mr. Tata wants to prove Tata companies can compete in the rich West as well as in the unpredictable but hugely promising markets of the developing world. What’s more, Mr. Tata wants to set the group solidly on a path to achieving all this before he retires.
    The barrel-chested tycoon hasn’t named a successor or said when he plans to step down. He’ll turn 70 in December, but he still has a vice-like handshake, and associates are amazed at his command of technical details of the various Tata companies. That makes his failure to designate a successor all the more disconcerting. Some even question whether his departure might spur the group’s breakup. "Who will be the glue?" worries one veteran insider. "Will there even be a central leader?"
    Ratan could even be the last Tata to oversee the group. The Tata family tree, on display at a company museum, stretches back 800 years through generations of Parsi priests, an Indian minority descended from Persians. Though Ratan leads the family to unprecedented prosperity at present, it has to end with Ratan himself— single and childless.
    Mr. Tata is due to retire in December 2012, when he reaches 75. That will leave the group with a familiar succession problem. Meanwhile, he is heading the government’s investment commission, which works to increase foreign investment. And he may be about to create one of the largest steelmakers in the world. Not bad for a shy architect.
Mr. Tata retired people much older than him from the main Tata businesses in order to______.
选项 A、improve their living standards
B、bring young managers to the companies
C、strengthen control over the companies
D、fight against the foreign competitors
答案C
解析 该句提到Tam的主要公司业务由比Mr．Tata大许多的人管理，第三、四句提到，Ratan让他们退休，为了避免矛盾升级还提高了他们的退休金。他卖掉了一些公司的股票，然后用卖股票的钱再加上Tata咨询公司(印度最大的IT公司)的收入加强对剩下公司的控制。[C]中的strengthen是文中reinforce的同义词，故答案为[C]。
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