2. 外语
  3. Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period befo

Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period befo

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问题       Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively "Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during the early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.
     What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.
     However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.
The author is primarily concerned with ______.
选项 A、refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South
B、refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South
C、refuting the two premises that underlie Davis’ discussion of the culture of America
D、challenging the hypothesis that early American Culture was homogeneous in nature
答案B
解析 主旨题。从第一段最后一句话“the second (premise) is far more problematic”可以看出选项B 为正确答案，第二、三段都是在围绕Davis的第二个前提展开批评和反驳。对于选项A ，根据第二段第二句话“Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture”，可见作者并不否认清教徒文化的影响；选项C 由第一段最后一句话中“The first... can be accepted without major reservations”可知作者并不反对第一个前提；选项D 本身作者并没有阐述。
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