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  3. Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’

Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’

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问题     Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’re out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket. Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no, but ultimately, resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss.
    Now research from leading psychologists has identified the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation, and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake. Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, the psychologist who, in the 1960s, developed the "marshmallow test", which demonstrated that if children were able to delay gratification, they would be more successful in later life. Mischel’s research has shown that to resist temptation, we have to shift activity away from the "hot" parts of our brain to the "cool" parts. The mind brain has two systems: one is cool, slow and deliberate, and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the ’no’ system, if you like. The other is hot, emotional and instinctual, and present from birth—the ’go’ system.
    So when you see a chocolate cake, the "hot" part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste, and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you. Instead of giving in, what you need to do is to activate the "cool" part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing farsightedness. Imagine the sense of satisfaction you’d get, from fitting into your favourite dress in a couple of weeks’ time, say, or from losing your unsightly tummy bulge before you go sunbathing this summer. It’s a simple strategy, but experiments have shown it is highly effective.
    Perception is also important. Feasting your eyes on desirable food activates the hot system in the brain, which explains what we know instinctively: putting biscuits out of sight in a cupboard will mean you eat fewer of them. "The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food, and all of this is just priming the hot system," Mischel says.
    Stress is another key issue. It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat. The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it. This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions.
    Brain scans have also shown that memory plays a significant role in overeating. If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high. So the research is clear: if you want to be slim, fit and healthy, it’s time to take control of your mind.
The author writes Paragraph 3 in order to______.
选项 A、prove the ineffectiveness of the theory of Walter Mischel
B、further demonstrate how the brain functions when facing temptation
C、state the importance for people to go on a diet
D、manifest the harm food like chocolate cakes will do to people’s health
答案B
解析 属信息推断题。第三段第一个单词“so”表明第三段所讲内容与第二段内容相关，仔细阅读后发现，第三段实为通过一个实例对第二段讲到的大脑在面对诱惑时的运转方式进行详细阐述，故选项B符合题意。选项A与原意相反，第三段最后一句讲到这个方式还是非常有效的，故错误。选项C属于无中生有，文中并未提及减肥的重要性，故错误。选项D同样属于无中生有，文中根本未提到巧克力蛋糕的危害，只是以其为例对实际观点进行阐释，故错误。
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