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  3. There have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be security in thinking that somewhere there was

There have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be security in thinking that somewhere there was

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问题     There have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be security in thinking that somewhere there was a product, something you could touch and see. Now there are new markets in abstractions, trade in ideas and knowledge. Everyone has knowledge but there used to be no way to trade it—except through jobs. That simple fact of economic life was the basis for white collar employment for centuries. The whole job culture grew up because there was no alternative way to sell knowledge, other than the worker or manager providing, for a fixed price, his or her knowledge to an employer to own or control. The quantity of knowledge provided has typically been measured in time.
    But today we stand at the threshold of a new era. The information economy has matured and become smarter. According to many business commentators, we are now living in a knowledge economy. There has always been a market for knowledge, of course. The publishing industry is based on it. But today the internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier. The days when the publisher decided what got published are over. Anyone with a PC and a modem can talk to the world. This is reducing the friction in the knowledge economy.
    Everyone has knowledge of whatever industry she or he is in. Say, you are a computer dealer, for example. Over the years you have compiled a list of the ten best lowest price places to buy wholesale computer equipment. Now you can sell your knowledge to newer, younger computer dealers who have no way to build up this knowledge without losing thousands of pounds finding it out the hard way. Until now, such knowledge remained securely locked in the recipient’s head, accumulated and then worthlessly withered away. This no longer needs to be the case. Such knowledge can be sold via websites.
    Knowledge has a distinct advantage in today’s marketplace. It’s a renewable resource. Better yet, its worth actually increases. "Knowledge is the only asset that grows with use," observes Stanford University Professor Paul Romer. But what exactly is knowledge and how can it be packaged to trade on an open market? "Knowledge is experiential information, intelligence applied through and gained from experience," say Joseph Pine and James Gilmore in their book The Experience Economy.
    The value of knowledge often depends on variables such as time and the credibility of the seller. Certain knowledge may have a very limited shelf life. Insights concerning how to set up an internet business in one country, might be worth a fortune on one day and nothing the next, depending on changes in government policy. Markets in knowledge will be significance for one thing. They represent one of the most original uses of the web technology. In some comer of the globe there is a company wanting to source plastic widgets from Poland, and somewhere else another company that wishes to set up a plastics factory there. It’s simply a case of connecting the two.
    Indicater. com is a good example of a knowledge trader. It is targeted at food service managers throughout the hospitality industry. "We started with the context rather than extracting money from suppliers," explains the founder Mike Day. "We offer food service professionals interactive support to increase sales and profits. People don’t want another one-dimensional site full of advertising that doesn’t help them to do their job more effectively; it has to be customized offering real solutions to real problems. " The site’s features include access to online training and a tariff tacker to restaurants can check prices throughout the sector.
What point is made in the first paragraph?
选项 A、Interest in commodity markets has decreased.
B、Overall levels of expertise have improved.
C、Opportunities to exploit your knowledge were limited in the past.
D、External market forces have meant knowledge is underpriced.
答案C
解析 主旨大意题。第一段前三句通过例子引出，现在有了抽象的知识交易市场；第四句和第五句说明，人人都有知识，但过去除了工作没有其他方式可以交易知识，这样的情况持续了几个世纪；第六句点出，整个职场文化形成，是因为员工除了以固定价格出售知识外，没有其他方式可出售知识；第七句表明员工出售的知识价值以时间衡量。综上所述，第一段主要表达过去利用知识谋取价值的机会并不多。C项表述符合文意，故为答案。其他三项文中未提及，故排除。
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