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  3. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personal

It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personal

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问题     It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. "Upbringing" is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term "education". In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
    The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence (青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
    Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family. Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.
    All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’ s continuing development may be warped. A child must be allowed to enjoy this "messy" but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
It can be seen from the article that ______.
选项 A、the cultural pattern is the single factor that affects a child’s upbringing at home
B、by no means does the technological development of a community contribute to the development of children’ s character
C、there are definite rules for parents to abide by in bringing up their children
D、upbringing and education are mutually complementary
答案D
解析 这一类题无法从题干中得出一个明确的答案，要从各选项着手，判断应选哪一项。通常涵盖原文，需要在浏览全文的基础上，仔细地有针对性地精读，并做出判断。A项认为文化模式是影响孩子在家庭中成长的惟一因素。而文中第三段段首就指出孩子的成长受文化模式和父母的能力及他们的目标的影响。因此A项不准确。B项认为社会的技术发展不能帮助孩子们发展性格，而文中第二段提到在技术发达的社会，童年时代和青春期更长，这导致有更多的教育机会并能更加多样化地发展性格。显然B项与原文不符。C项认为对于父母抚养孩子方面有明确的规则。而文中第三段明确指出在这方面并没有固定的规则。因此C项不正确。D项认为成长和教育是互补的，这与文中第一段末尾所述“成长和教育是相互依赖的”意思相近，因此D项是对的。
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大学英语四级

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