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  3. Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

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问题     Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s assassination, the Challenger explosion or the fall of the Twin Towers, but not say, what grocery aisle we were standing in when the phone call came to remind us to pick up milk? What is it about the timing—or more specifically, the coincidence with intense experience—that seals in visual memories more effectively? That’s the question that a new study from psychologists at the University of Washington set out to answer.
    The study, published online recently in the open-access journal PLoS Biology included a series of four experiments. In each experiment, which included distinct participants, Jeffrey Y. Lin and colleagues showed study subjects 16 photographs depicting familiar landscapes. The first time, participants merely looked at the images; the second time, they were also asked to focus on a number shown in the middle of the image; the third time, they also had to make note of an auditory cue as they looked at the images; and finally, they were shown images with a number in the middle, but told to ignore the number and focus only on the scene depicted.
    Researchers found that, when shown an image later and asked to recall if it had been among those they’d already seen, subjects’ memory formation was consistently best when they had also been trying to concentrate on another task in both the second and third experiments, which involved viewing numbers or hearing audio tones while the images were presented, subjects formed clearer memories than in the first experiment—when they were simply instructed to look at the photos—and than in the fourth experiment—when they were shown numbers in the center of photos, but told to ignore them and focus on the images themselves.
    The findings suggest that it isn’t the novelty of what we’re seeing, but the experience that we are having while we look at something, that determines how well we store it away in our memories. Or, as the authors phrase it, the study results provide "evidence of a mechanism where traces of a visual scene are automatically encoded into memory at behaviorally relevant points in time regardless of the spatial focus of attention." When it comes to making memories, timing is of the essence.
Which of the followings is true of the study mentioned in this text?
选项 A、It was conducted by some anthropologists.
B、It studied the steps of memory formation.
C、Its conclusion was based on several experiments.
D、Its findings overturned many previous researches.
答案C
解析 四个选项均与研究的基本信息相关。第二段详细说明了实验进行的方式和内容，其中第一句说到该研究包括四组实验，而根据第三、第四段的“In both the second and third experiments” “in the first experiment” “in the fourth experiment”等字眼可知，研究人员发现的结果(findings)是来自于这四组测验，C项所说的该研究建立在几组实验的基础上与文意相吻合，故C项正确。第一段最后一句表示进行该研究的实施者是“华盛顿大学的心理学家们”。A项的anthropologists和文中的psychologists不一致，属信息错误。由第一段可知，这项研究的目的在于发现人们在什么情况能更有效地记住视觉记忆(seals in visual memories more effectively)，而不是研究记忆形成的步骤。所以B项理解错误。D项所说的previous researches在文中没有提及。
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