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  3. It’s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any nu

It’s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any nu

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问题     It’s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any number of medical procedures and treatments that we now take for granted. Yet in 1945, while accepting a Nobel Prize for【C1】________penicillin, Alexander Fleming【C2】________a future in which antibiotics had been used with【C3】________and bacteria had grown resistant to them. Today, this future is approaching. Speaking to reporters last fall, Tom Frieden, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,【C4】________a similar alarm: "If we’re not【C5】________, we will soon be in a post-antibiotic era. In fact, for some patients and some bacteria, we are already there."
    The problem【C6】________overuse. Recent research by doctors at Harvard and Women’s Hospital found that the vast majority of antibiotics【C7】________for sore throats and acute bronchitis—an illness almost always caused by a【C8】________, not bacteria—are useless.
    Up to 80 percent of all antibiotics used in the U.S. each year,【C9】________, are given to animals. Antibiotics are the lifeline of the meat and poultry industries, which have used drugs to domestic animals as a means of【C10】________growth and preventing illnesses caused by overcrowding and poor conditions.
    An increasing number of bacterial【C11】________have taken the opportunity to evolve【C12】________the reach of antibiotics. The CDC’s 2013 threat report listed 17 antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that directly cause at least 23,000 deaths each year in the U.S.【C13】________Globally, drug-resistant pneumonia is an ever-increasing threat. Reported cases have【C14】________over the past nine years, killing an estimated 170,000 people last year.
    Although anti-bacterial resistance can be slowed, it is【C15】________. As a result, medicine companies have found antibiotics to be less【C16】________investments than drugs for chronic illnesses, which can be used over the long term.
    If we don’t【C17】________our use of existing antibiotics and commit to developing new ones, the risks are not just medical, but【C18】________The CDC estimates that, in the United States, antibiotic resistance already costs $20 billion in【C19】________health-care spend and $35 billion in lost productivity【C20】________.
【C6】
选项 A、deals with
B、accounts for
C、starts with
D、answers to
答案C
解析 上文提到我们已经进入后抗生素时代，下文提到医生的最新研究结果：the vast majority of antibiotics…for…are useless，这是对空格所在句子的展开和论证。可见overuse与problem两者间是因果关系。C项starts with有“开始于”的意思，可表示原因。A项deals with意为“处理；应付”，B项accounts for意为“解释，说明”，D项answers to意为“符合；回答”，三者都不能表明导致问题产生的原因。
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