首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the
admin
2011-02-26
60
问题
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which, since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.
In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack. They were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches of the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented.
In part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentry’s traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry, who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals. Amid they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.
Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord of provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.
In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.
The author would agree that ______.
选项
A、many problems in China came from internal disorders due to Western influence.
B、many problems in China came from China itself and were unrelated to the West.
C、scapegoats perform a necessary function and there should be more of them.
D、all of the above are true.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HPBO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Youwillhearaconversationonpublicrelations.Foreachquestion(23-30),markoneletter(A,B,orC)forthecorrectanswer
Youwillhearaconversationbetweenaninterviewerandanintervieweeaboutjobapplication.Foreachquestion(23-30),mark
Howmanypeoplehastheircompanycutinthewholelastyear?
ReadthearticlebelowaboutasupermarketchainintheUK.Aresentences16-22ontheoppositepage’Right’or’Wrong’?Ifther
EDUCATE:CHILD
Theevolutionofsexratioshasproduced,inmostplantsandanimalswithseparatesexes,approximatelyequalnumbersofmalesa
Maryisbynomeanslearned;norisshegoodatanypracticaltrade.Theonlyassetshepossessesisherbeauty.
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsome
MrAbu,thelaboratoryattendant,cameinfromtheadjoiningstoreandbrisklycleanedtheblackboard.HewasaretiredAfrican
Theinitiativeissupportedbyprivacyadvocates,buthasbeencriticizedbyresearchersandindustry______,whoarguethatit
随机试题
A、心律失常B、心力衰竭C、心肌梗死D、尿毒症E、脑血管意外急进型高血压最常见的致死原因是()
美国学者托夫勒的《第三次浪潮》中的研究属于()
以下不属于数据仓库特点的是()
中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶降低见于
腊肠犬,6月龄,体温37.5℃,排少量黏液样柏油状粪便,呕吐,腹部触诊有香肠状物体。该病的确认方法是
下列各项税费中,不通过“营业税金及附加"科目核算的有()。
我国现行房产税的计税依据是()。
2013年是中国农历蛇年,在本世纪余下的年份里,农历是蛇年的年份还有:
镇政府在开展扶贫工作,领导安排你到辖区各村开展调研,以便更好地制订扶贫方案。你会怎么开展调研?
Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyqui
最新回复
(
0
)