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  3. Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirel

Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirel

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问题     Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought,
believed that language and its structure were entirely dependent on the cultural
context in which they existed. This was a logical extension of that is termed the (1)______
Standard Social Science Model, which views the human mind like a structure ca- (2)______
pable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neuro
logical factors. In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the
1950’s, giving color samples to different American Indian tribes and asking them
to give the names of the colors. He concluded that the spectrum we see it as (3)______
"green", "yellow", etc. were an entirely arbitrary division, and each culture (4)______
divided the spectrum separately. According to this hypothesis, the divisions seen
between colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do not correspond to
divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis is upheld in the extreme pop- (5)______
ular study of Eskimo words for snow —common stories vary from fifty to upward (6)______
of two hundred. Extreme cultural relativism of this type has now been clearly
refuting. Eskimos use at most twelve different words for snow, which is not (7)______
much more than English speakers and should be expected since they exist in a (8)______
cold climate. The color-relativity hypothesis has now been completely replaced
by more careful, thorough, and systematic studies which show a remarkable
similarity between the ways which different cultures divide the spectrum. Of (9) ______
course, there are ways in which culture really does determine language, or at
least certain facets thereof. Obviously, the ancient Romans did not have the (10)______
words for radios, televisions, or computers because these items were simply not
part of their cultural context.
选项
答案upward—upwards
解析 固定搭配错误。upwards of为固定搭配，意思是“多于，……以上”，相当于over，故将upward改为upwards。
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