首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Early History of Motion Pictures P1: The technology that made possible the projection and exhibition of photographed moving
The Early History of Motion Pictures P1: The technology that made possible the projection and exhibition of photographed moving
admin
2019-03-10
47
问题
The Early History of Motion Pictures
P1: The technology that made possible the projection and exhibition of photographed moving images is just 100 years old. In 1895, in Europe and North America, the moment was ripe for a diverse group of engineers, scientists, eccentrics and inventors to nearly simultaneously create cameras and projectors capable of photographing and displaying motion pictures.
P2: The illusion of motion pictures is based on the optical phenomena known as the phi phenomenon and persistence of vision. The first of these refers to what happens when a person sees one light source go out while another one close to the original is illuminated, whereas the latter creates apparent movement between images when they succeed one another rapidly. Together these phenomena permit the succession of still frames on a motion-picture film strip to represent continuous movement when projected at the proper speed. First observed by the ancient Greeks, persistence of vision became more widely known in 1824 when Peter Roget (who also developed the thesaurus) demonstrated that human begins retain an image of an object for about one-tenth of a second after the object is taken from view. Following Roget’s pronouncement, a host of toys that depended on this principle sprang up in Victorian Europe. Bearing fanciful names (the Thaumatrope, the Praxinoscope), these devices basically involve a disk or card with a picture on each side attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine into a single image due to persistence of vision.
P3: Before long, several people realized that a series of still photographs could be used instead of hand drawing. This illusion of motion from a series of still images on celluloid film was originally conceptualized as based on "persistence of vision" —that images passively accumulate on the retina. Then in 1878 a colorful Englishman-turned-American, Edward Muybridge, attempted to settle a $25,000 bet over whether the four feet of a galloping horse ever simultaneously left the ground. He arranged a series of 24 cameras alongside a racetrack to capture motion, then projected the findings with his creation of the zoopraxiscope — a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip. Muybirdge’s technique not only settled the bet (the feet did leave the ground simultaneously at certain instances) but also led to a huge advancement in modern photography. Built upon the work of Muybridge, Thomas Alva Edison commissioned Dickson to provide a visual counterpart to his recently invented phonograph. When his early efforts did not work out, he turned the project over his assistant. Using flexible film. Dickson solved the vexing problem of how to move the film rapidly through the camera by perforating its edge with tiny holes and pulling it along by means of sprockets, projections on a wheel that fit into the holes of the film.
Paragraph 4: Because Edison had originally conceived of motion pictures as an adjunct to his phonograph, he did not commission the invention of a projector to accompany the Kinetograph. Rather, he had Dickson design a type of peep-show viewing device called the Kinetoscope. Still influenced by the success of his phonograph, Edison built a special studio to produce films for his new invention, and by 1894, Kinetoscope parlors began to spring up in major cities. Edison was slow to develop a projection system at this time, since the single-user Kinetoscopes were very profitable. However, films projected for large audiences could generate more profits because fewer machines were needed in proportion to the number of viewers. Thus, others sought to develop their own projection systems. Faced with competition, Edison perfected the Vitascope and unveiled it in New York City in 1896.
P5: Early movies were simple snippets of action—acrobats tumbling, horses running, jugglers juggling, and so on. Eventually, the novelty wore off and films became less of an attraction. Public interest was soon rekindled when the shift in consciousness away from films as animated photographs to films as stories, or narratives, began to take place at about the turn of the century. In France, Alice Guy-Blache produced The Cabbage Fairy, a one-minute film about a fairy who produces children in a Cabbage patch, and exhibited it at the Paris International Exhibition in 1896. Better known is the work of a fellow French filmmaker Georges Melies, a professional magician who had become interested in the illusionist possibilities of cinematography. In 1902 Melies produced a science-fiction film called A Trip to the Moon. The cinema production was an enormous popular success, and it helped to make his company one of the world’s largest producers and to establish the fiction film as the cinema’s mainstream product.
P5: Early movies were simple snippets of action—acrobats tumbling, horses running, jugglers juggling, and so on. ■ Eventually, the novelty wore off and films became less of an attraction. Public interest was soon rekindled when the shift in consciousness away from films as animated photographs to films as stories, or narratives, began to take place at about the turn of the century. ■ In France, Alice Guy-Blache produced The Cabbage Fairy, a one-minute film about a fairy who produces children in a Cabbage patch, and exhibited it at the Paris International Exhibition in 1896. ■ Better known is the work of a fellow French filmmaker Georges Melies, a professional magician who had become interested in the illusionist possibilities of cinematography. In 1902 Melies produced a science-fiction film called A Trip to the Moon.■ The cinema production was an enormous popular success, and it helped to make his company one of the world’s largest producers and to establish the fiction film as the cinema’s mainstream product.
Paragraph 3 suggests that Thomas Edison’s early efforts to develop a motion-picture camera failed because he could not figure out how to
选项
A、display the camera’s pictures to an audience
B、move the film quickly through the camera
C、line the edge of the film with holes that were small enough
D、prevent the film form tearing
答案
8
解析
【推断题】文中提到在初期的失败后,由助手继续研究。末句引出“Using flexible film,Dickson solved the vexing problem of how to move the film rapidly through the camera”,说明当初的困难就是无法使胶片在相机中迅速移动,答案为B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HcfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethetablebelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.
Completetheformbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.BirminghamExhibitionExampleAnswerPur
RegistrationofforeignnationalsatthehealthcentrestandardproceduresRegisterasa(n)【L1】___________________.Filliname
First(reportedby)Spanishexplorersin1796,(theasphalt)inCalifornia’sLaBreaTarPitwasmined(commercial)for(many)y
The(able)ofwriterstopreciselyrecordobservationsmade(about)othersenablesthemtoincludeintheirworka(great)deal
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheshifttoagriculturalsocietiesimpactpeople’sfa
TheDeclarationofIndependence,______theConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,wasdrawnupwiththehelpofBenjaminFranklin.
AHowtoUseaPaintingKnife使用画刀的方法Paintingwithaknifeisabitlikeputtingbutteronbreadandproducesquitea(1)resu
随机试题
王某,81岁,在地震中脚踝部受伤,由于天气炎热以及抢救耽搁,必须切除左下肢才能够避免生命危险,无家属及其利害关系人可联系。医生告知其病情及危险,但患者拒绝做截肢手术,患者神志清醒,具有完全行为能力,此时经治医师提出处置方案,在取得
有关器官移植的叙述中错误的是
女,44岁。上腹绞痛伴高热l天,皮肤黄染2小时,呕吐1次,伴寒战、高热,发病后小便色深。既往反复发作上腹部隐痛3年,向右肩部放射。查体:T39.1℃,P108次/分,R30次/分,BP150/95mmHg,皮肤、巩膜黄染.上腹部肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛(+)。
郑某因某厂欠缴其社会养老保险费,向区社保局投诉。2004年9月22日,该局向该厂送达《决定书》,要求为郑某缴纳养老保险费1万元。同月30日,该局向郑某送达告知书,称其举报一事属实,并要求他缴纳养老保险费(个人缴纳部分)2000元。郑某不服区社保局的《决定书
某市W房地产开发公司(以下简称W公司)拟建一经济适用住房小区,需向本市H乡征用40公顷基本农田以外的耕地。W公司在小区建设过程中,经过市场调研,决定调整最初确定的开发方案,在部分住宅用地上建造一大型商场;委托中介服务机构代理销售经济适用住房,并向G购房户提
组织中最基本、最常用的培训与开发效果评估方式是( )。
企业取得与资产相关的政府补助,直接确认为当期损益,计入营业外收入。()
在证券交易程序中,竞价成交的核心内容有()。
自从2006年的航空公司管制通过以来,美国主要的航空公司已经裁减了3000多人。因此,尽管放松管制带来的竞争帮消费者大大减低了票价,但美国的经济也受到了对航空公司放松管制的破坏。如果以下哪项为真,最能构成对上述论证的质疑?
Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebridalcouplepromiseseachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneoutoffourAme
最新回复
(
0
)