2. 外语
  3. There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of

There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of

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问题     There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.
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答案 与他人相处所得到的教育和对年轻人的刻意的教育之间，存在着巨大的差别。对于前者，教育是附带产生的，虽然它极自然也很重要，但是，这并不是人际交往的明显目的。虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初动机的组成部分。比如，宗教团体是为了祈求神灵的庇佑、趋避邪恶才产生的；家庭则是为了满足欲望并维系家庭长久而产生的。系统的劳作大多是因为被他人奴役而产生的等等。人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把教育作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。在当今的工业化生活中，除了勤奋和节约等某些价值观之外，整个世界运行所依赖的人类各种形式的交往中存在的智力和情感反应，与物质产出相比，受到的关注很少。但是在与年轻人打交道时，交往本身作为一种直接的人类现实，却得到了重视。
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