首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
医学
A boy who struggles to read English primary-school storybooks yet has no trouble with university physics textbooks in Japanese i
A boy who struggles to read English primary-school storybooks yet has no trouble with university physics textbooks in Japanese i
admin
2013-10-31
98
问题
A boy who struggles to read English primary-school storybooks yet has no trouble with university physics textbooks in Japanese is challenging current thinking on dyslexia. The 17-year-old boy, known as AS, is the first person shown to be dyslexic in one language but not in another.
" This could have profound consequences for concepts of reading," says Taeko Wydell of Brunei University in west London, who has studied AS. " If there is a specific brain area for reading and a person has impairment in this area, in theory all his languages should be affected. " The case is also posing problems for researchers who argue that dyslexia is visual procession disorder.
AS has two English-speaking parents but lives in Japan. At the age of six, he began attending a Japanese primary school, but it soon became clear that he was lagging behind his Japanese counterparts in English. When AS was 13, tests confirmed that the problem was dyslexia, a congenital difficulty with reading.
The causes of dyslexia are poorly understood, but have been linked to damage in part of the brain’ s left hemisphere known as the perisylvian area. The condition is marked by an impaired a-bility to process the written symbols of language, such as letters—which has led some researchers to suggest that the problem lies ultimately in faulty visual processing.
Intrigued by AS’ s case, Wydell and her colleague Brain Butterworth of University College London looked at his reading in Japanese. Japanese has two written forms. One, called kanji, consists of symbols that carry meaning but have no phonetic value. The kana script contains symbols that correspond to particular sounds.
Wydell first tested AS’ s ability to read 160 words written in kanji. Many kanji characters have two pronunciations—one in the Chinese from which the symbols were derived and the other unique to Japanese—but only one is correct in a given context. Knowing how to pronounce a word can be extremely difficult. Yet AS read kanji at undergraduate level and so has no problem with his visual processing skills. He has also passed competitive high school entrance exams, which require expertise in kana.
In English, however, AS scored half as well as the average person of his age when asked to read real words and made-up words out loud. And he could read only one of 50 "difficult" words, such as "nausea" and "aisle". Nevertheless, AS perceives English sounds "just like a native", says Wydell.
Wydell argues that AS’ s case is difficult to reconcile with conventional theories about dyslexia. "If AS has a problem with visual processing," She says, "it should show up even more in kanji. " She accepts that many children diagnosed as dyslexic may well have problems processing visual information , but suspects that others—like AS—suffer from a kind of dyslexia that occurs primary in English. The problem, she believes, like in the brain’ s ability to tackle the English language’ s complex system of mapping sounds to letters, which gives rise to some eccentric spellings. By contrast, kana letters always sound the same.
Not all researchers in the field are persuaded, however. " If AS’ s sight vocabulary is so good in Japanese," asks Marjorie Perlman Lorch, a neurolinguist at Birkbeck College, " why hasn’ t he adopted the same strategy for irregular words in English?" She suspects that AS’ s reading problems could stem from his position as a cultural outsider in Japan. " Social identity and motivational factors can be crucial. "
Dyslexia has been assume______.
选项
A、to be linked to vision
B、to be caused by faulty visual processing
C、to be a congenital disorder of mentality
D、to lie in the written symbols of language
答案
B
解析
第二段最后一句讲到这个案例同样给那些认为dyslexia is visual procession disorder的人带来了难题。这也就是说先前人们认为dyslexic(朗读困难)的产生是由于视觉处理失误。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HmU3777K
本试题收录于:
医学博士外语题库考研分类
0
医学博士外语
考研
相关试题推荐
Cultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostailments,
Ifyouarecaughtinadownpour,itisbettertorunforshelterthanwalk,researchersintheUSadvise.Thismaysoundobvious
Osteoporosisusedtobecalled"thesilentdisease"becauseitsvictimsdidn’tknowtheyhadituntilitwastoolateandthey
Convincingthepublictofollowhealthadvicecanbetoughandtime-consuming.Thismaybewhychangestohealthmessagesareof
ManyCanadiansenjoytheluxuryofalargeamountoflivingspace.Canadaisvast,andthehomesarelargeaccordingtothestan
Althoughspeechandwritingarethespecialmeansofcommunicatingofhumans,theinterchangealsotakesplaceinmanyotherway
A、Toknowalltheanswers.B、Toknowalibraryworks.C、Tobecompletelydependentontheirprofessors.D、Totaketheinitiative
A、Thecommercialcompanieshaveinvestedalotinthenewmachine.B、Thefurtherdevelopmentofthemachineisinfinancialtrou
Thesceneryonthewaywastrulyspectacular,withbeautifulmountains,riversandvalleys,andItookalotofpicturesfromth
Thesceneryonthewaywastrulyspectacular,withbeautifulmountains,riversandvalleys,andItookalotofpicturesfromth
随机试题
子产的刑法思想是对( )的继承。
记忆的第一个基本过程是
常脉中有神的表现是()
A.胃脘痛暴作,畏寒喜暖B.胃痛剧烈,固定不移C.胃痛隐隐,泛吐清水D.胃痛胀满,嗳腐吞酸E.胃脘作痛,痛连两胁寒邪客胃之胃痛的主要临床表现有()
根据公司法律制度的规定,持有有限责任公司全部股东表决权10%以上的股东,在发生某些法定事由时,可以提起解散公司的诉讼,人民法院应予受理。下列各项中,属于该法定事由的有()。
2013年3月1日.甲公司签发一张出票后一个月付款的银行承兑汇票给乙公司。根据票据法律制度的规定,下列说法正确的是()。
简述会计核算的具体内容。
一个中年人住进医院,左半边身子没有知觉。有个孩子在病房里大声喧哗,被他父亲拧了一下,痛得直叫。病人说:“我真羡慕这孩子啊!”有人问:“羡慕他无忧无虑?”病人摇头。“羡慕他如花的年龄?”病人说:“不是,我羡慕他有那么敏感的疼痛。如果我能感觉到疼痛,那就意味着
A、 B、 C、 D、 C
Don’thesitatetoaskforhelpifyou____________(解决问题遇到麻烦).
最新回复
(
0
)