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  3. A research study reports that a particular educational program has improved the prospects for success in later schooling for tho

A research study reports that a particular educational program has improved the prospects for success in later schooling for tho

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问题 A research study reports that a particular educational program has improved the prospects for success in later schooling for those children aged three to five who were subjects of the study. It follows, then, that introducing similar programs for all children aged three to five will improve their chances for success in later schooling. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
选项 A、The parents of preschool children in the United States are attracted to educational fads and do not have a clear idea of what sorts of early education programs might benefit their children.
B、The cognitive abilities of children are constantly changing between ages three and five.
C、The researchers unwittingly included a substantial number of children who had been previously exposed to another educational enrichment program.
D、Many parents erroneously presume that early formal instruction takes up time that children could better spend exploring their worlds independently.
E、It would require extraordinary public expense to establish such educational enrichment programs on a national basis.
答案C
解析 本题推理是一个research的结果类推至all children，属于“A，B”模式，其暗含假设是A与B的探讨对象本质属性一样，要反对应反对隐含假设。(C)指出研究人员无意识地包括了相当多的以前接受过别的教育启智项目的孩子，因此，作为这个研究人员测试对象的孩子是特殊(或不具有代表性)的，他们的成功性增大完全有可能是另外教育启智项目的结果，所以(C)为正确答案。(B)中的“cognitive a—bilities”与段落推理无关。
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