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  3. It has wormed its way into almost every sphere of life, and the law is no exception. Artificial intelligence can now handle a lo

It has wormed its way into almost every sphere of life, and the law is no exception. Artificial intelligence can now handle a lo

admin2017-02-28  42
问题     It has wormed its way into almost every sphere of life, and the law is no exception. Artificial intelligence can now handle a lot of the drudgery of legal work; screening mountains of documents for relevant titbits, for example, or automatically drafting and checking boilerplate contracts. There’s even a "superintelligent attorney" app, ROSS, powered by IBM’s Watson supercomputer, that fields legal queries by speed-reading legislation and other resources.
    But what does it mean for the law when an algorithm, rather than a person, calls the shots? Frank Levy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Dana Remus at the University of North Carolina School of Law have been on the case, exploring the potential implications of robotic legal assistants. In a report published online last month ,they found that A.I. poses less of a threat to legal jobs than some fear. But they also suggest that computers, left unchecked, can have a detrimental impact on the law.
    Still, A. I. will introduce new uncertainties by dint of its ability to reveal legal trends or precedents, for example. Fed the right data, machine learning algorithms can tell us how individual judges ruled, how individual companies or lawyers fared in past litigation, or how much money was involved in lawsuits. Pop details of a current case in, and the computer will forecast your chances of success.
    This approach might be more efficient, but it could slow the evolution of the law, the pair warn. Take the predictions too seriously, too often, and lawyers could be more reluctant to take on cases with the potential to break new ground, making it less likely that landmark judgements will be passed.
    By the same token, if A.I. spots a pattern of discrimination—say, that women are more likely to lose in certain types of case—it might sway lawyers’ decisions and so perpetuate the problem rather than bringing it to light.
    Legal A.I. doesn’t exist just to save lawyers time and money: it also promises to help close the "justice gap," by offering digital advice to those who can’t afford a lawyer. Online dispute resolution platforms already help mediate between users on eBay and PayPal, for example.
    But Levy and Remus suggest that A.I. could also soon be counselling people how best to skirt the law, rather than abide by it.
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of A.I.?
选项 A、Lawyers are more likely to avert risks.
B、Lawyers are reluctant to offer free counseling.
C、Lawyers’ decisions are rarely overturned.
D、Lawyers’ profession will become liberalized.
答案A
解析 (1)注意题干关键词disadvantage，文章从第4段开始分析A．I．可能存在的问题。(2)根据文章，“如果认真对待A．I．的预测，律师在某些案件中不太可能开辟先河”(第4段：reluctant，to break new ground)，“结果便是，通过标志性审判的可能性变小了”(第4段：making it less likely)。(3)此外，“同样的道理，律师的决定会受到动摇，问题会变得更严重”(第5段：By the same token。言外之意便是：律师在A．I．的帮助下，只会按部就班的做事，不愿意去承担风险。故选项[A]正确。
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