首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2019-04-19
66
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking " career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly’s study?
选项
A、Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.
B、Fewer resources for research by women scientists.
C、The super qualities possessed by male scientists.
D、The role of analyzing the results of a survey.
答案
A
解析
这是一道细节分析题,测试考生准确理解分析原文细节信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段尾句和第二段的首句。第一段尾句(即全文的中心主旨句)中所提到的“a much larger study”所指代的就是从第二段至尾段作者所详细阐述的萨拉-康纳利(Dr.Connolly)的研究,其研究发现就是第一段尾句中所谈到的“歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距的问题上起着作用”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A。考生在阅读时要注意捕捉全文中心主旨句以及各段落之间的关系。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HznZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
InEurope,therehasbeenaseriousdeclineinphysicalactivityoverthepast50years.Adultsaged20-60years【C1】______500kca
InEurope,therehasbeenaseriousdeclineinphysicalactivityoverthepast50years.Adultsaged20-60years【C1】______500kca
Americaisoneofmanycountrieswherethestategivesaleg-uptomembersofcertainracial,ethnic,orothergroups【C1】______h
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Parentsandstudentsarenowrelyinglessontakingoutloansandmoreongrants,scholarshipsandtheirownincomeandsavings,
Thearrivalofthemass-producedcar,justoveracenturyago,causeda(n)【C1】______ofbusinesscreation.Firstcamethemakers
People’sfinancialhistoryhasastrongimpactontheirtasteforrisk.LookingatsurveysofAmericanhousehold【C1】______from1
ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd.,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailw
"Projectgold"and"ProjectNexus"soundlikeplansforbankrobberiesormilitaryattacks.Inreality,theyarethenamesforK
随机试题
我国现行财政支出分类采用了国际通行做法。即同时使用()方法对财政支出进行分类。
根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,对于在运输途中销售的货物,货物风险转移的时间一般是()
某女,58岁。胆结石手术后,被建议早期活动,下列解释错误的是
A.淋巴转移和种植B.血行转移和淋巴转移C.直接蔓延和种植D.直接蔓延和淋巴转移E.血行转移子宫颈癌主要播散的方式
一个地区的岩溶形态规律为既有水平发育又有垂直发育,这类岩溶最可能是在下列()项地壳运动中形成。
“谈虎色变”是一种条件反射的表现,它属于()。
习近平总书记强调,要“把对法治的尊崇、对法律的敬畏转化成思维方式和行为方式”。用法治思维求善治,即反对人治思维、特权思维,运用法律规范、法律原则、法律逻辑分析和处理我们党治国理政中面临的问题,积极推进法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设。法治思维和人治思维的区
WhenKelseySisavathenrolledasafreshmanatLincolnAlternativeHighSchoolinWalla,Washington,inthefall,hermotherwas
A、Thelongerournapis,themoreenergywewillget.B、A20-minutenapwillhelptorestoreourenergy.C、Ashort-timenapdoes
Anewbookissuretobediscussed,and【B1】______,atcollegesthisfall.ThebookiscalledMyFreshmanYear:WhataProfesso
最新回复
(
0
)