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  3. Whose Grave Is This Anyway? There are many legends about the world famous Egyptian Pharaohs’ tombs, which have lain silent f

Whose Grave Is This Anyway? There are many legends about the world famous Egyptian Pharaohs’ tombs, which have lain silent f

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问题                 Whose Grave Is This Anyway?
    There are many legends about the world famous Egyptian Pharaohs’ tombs, which have lain silent for thousands of years along the Nero River. In reality though, this silence has constantly been disturbed by a great variety of people. While considering their different motivations in doing so, we must examine whether disturbing the ancient tombs is justifiable or worthy of condemnation.   
(A) [■] When Howard Carter and his party opened the tomb of the Egyptian king Tutankhamen in 1922, there was rejoicing around the world.  
(B) [■] The tomb was largely intact and not seriously pillaged by ancient grave robbers, so it still contained the wonderful artifacts that had been buried with the young king more than three millennia earlier.  
(C) [■] Over the next several years Carter and his team systematically photographed and catalogued the objects from the tomb, then transported them to the Cairo Museum.
(D) [■]   There is a certain irony in this story that raises complex ethical questions. Why are Carter and his party not called grave robbers? Why are their actions in stripping the tomb acceptable—even praiseworthy—when similar behavior by common thieves would be deplored? No matter who opens a tomb and takes away its contents, that person is violating the intentions of those who sealed the tomb originally. No matter what the motivation, a human body that was meant to rest in peace for all time has been disturbed. Should this not make us feel uncomfortable?   From the beginning, some were uneasy about the propriety of unearthing Tutankhamen’s remains. When Lord Carnarvon, Carter’s sponsor, died suddenly from a mosquito bite, and several others connected with the project experienced tragedies, rumors arose about the "curse of King Tut". But Carter himself died peacefully many years later, and the talk subsided.   Perhaps it is the passage of time that transforms grave robbing into archaeology. Carter would no doubt have been outraged if, say, his grandmother’s coffin had been dug up to strip the body of its jewelry. But after three thousand years Tutankhamen has no living relatives to protest his disturbance.   Perhaps it is a question of the words we use to describe such ancient finds. We speak of Tutankhamen’s "mummy", and mummy is a clean, historical-sounding word. Parents bring their children to museums to see the mummies and mummy cases. We can almost forget that a mummy is the embalmed body of a dead human being, pulled out of its coffin so that we can marvel at the coffin and sometimes the body itself.   Or, perhaps the difference between grave robbing and archaeology lies in the motives of the perpetrators. Common thieves are motivated by greed, by their quest for money to be made by selling stolen objects. Carter and his team did not sell the treasures from Tutankhamen’s tomb but stored them safely in the Cairo Museum, where art lovers from around the world can see them. They were, in effect, making a glorious gift to the people of our century and centuries to come (while at the same time, one must point out, acquiring significant glory for themselves).   The basic issue is a clash of cultural values. To the Egyptians, it was normal and correct to bury their finest artworks with the exalted dead. To us, the idea of all that beauty being locked away in the dark forever seems an appalling waste. We want to bring it into the light, to have it as part of our precious artistic heritage. Almost no one, having seen these magnificent treasures, would seriously propose they be put back in the tomb and sealed up.   In the end, inevitably, our cultural values will prevail simply because we are still here and the ancient Egyptians are not. After three thousand years, Tutankhamen’s grave really isn’t his anymore. Whether right or wrong, it belongs to us.
An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. There has been a bitter controversy over the question of why we treat archaeologists and grave robbers differently.
Answer Choices
A. Our cultural values outweigh those of Egyptians and the treasures should be displayed for the public to appreciate.   
B. What Carter and his team did is correct because there are no relatives left of the ancient Egyptian kings.   
C. Carter and his team have excavated the tombs of ancient Egyptian kings and brought the contents to museums for the public’s benefit.   
D. It is unfair that grave robbers are condemned while the archaeologists are praised, considering what they both do.   
E. Carter and the grave robbers are of the same nature because they both opened tombs and took away their contents.   
F. The difference between grave robbing and archaeology lies in the different motives and intentions of the perpetrators.
选项
答案A. Our cultural values outweigh those of Egyptians and the treasures should be displayed for the public to appreciate. C. Carter and his team have excavated the tombs of ancient Egyptian kings and brought the contents to museums for the public’s benefit. F. The difference between grave robbing and archaeology lies in the different motives and intentions of the perpetrators.
解析 本题为篇章总结题，考查考生理解全篇中心思想和相关重要信息的能力，区分主要观点和次要观点的能力以及总结全文的能力。本文主要讨论了考古学家和盗墓者的区别以及考古学家的工作的重要意义，选项A、C、F比较全面地概括了文章的意思。而选项B(参看31题、32题以及33题)、选项D是错误选项，世人谴责盗墓者而赞扬考古学家是公平的，因为他们的目的是不同的(参看31题)。同样地，选项E也是错误选项，因为盗墓者和考古学家具有本质的不同。
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