2. 外语
  3. Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any bia

Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any bia

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问题     Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
    In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
    How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a subsequent study the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.
Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more______.
选项 A、culturally interactive
B、culture-oriented
C、culturally biased
D、culture-specific
答案D
解析 根据文章第二段第二句“In the emic approach，the goal is to describe behavior inone culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the People in that culture orethnic group，without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups．”可知，主位研究的目标在于使用所研究文化与少数民族的术语来描述一种文化或民族的行为而不考虑其他文化与民族。换言之，主位研究法更加具体，更加具有针对性。据此判断，答案是D。
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