首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber point
For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber point
admin
2019-06-03
17
问题
For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber pointed out, however, people can perceive power as legitimate or illegitimate. Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power that is, power that people accept as right. In contrast, illegitimate power, coercion, is power that people do not accept as just.
1. Custom and authority
Throughout the world’s history, the most common form of authority has been traditional. Traditional authority, which is based on custom, is the hallmark of preliterate groups. In these societies, custom dictates basic relationships.
2. Traditional gender difference
Gender relations in preliterate groups are also based on traditional authority. The divisions between men and women are based on the past, with custom determining that a gulf should be maintained between them. Custom also dictates the specifics of their relationships.
3. Change of tradition
When traditional society changes, traditional authority is undermined.
4. Tradition in modern society
Even in industrial and postindustrial societies, however, traditional authority never totally dies out.
5. Challenges to tradition
This traditional authority, unquestioned in most places in the world, has not gone completely challenged, however. Just as for the widow of Spain and Portugal, matters are no longer as clear-cut as they once were, and some Western societies debate the right of parents to hit their kids.
Although the images that come to mind when we think of power are those of government—kings, queens, coups, dictatorships, running for office, voting—traditional authority, in the sense of power relations, is also an inevitable part of everyday life.
[A]In a democracy, for example, the president’s authority comes from the office, as specified in the written constitution, not from his or her reputation or personal characteristics.
[B]A good case in point is Sweden: it has even passed laws that forbid spanking, and Sweden authorities arrest parents who lay a hand on their children.
[C]For example, in small villages in southern Spain and in a large part of Portugal, widows are expected to wear only black until they remarry—which generally means that they wear black for the rest of their lives. The force of a tradition is so strong that if a widow were to violate the dress code, she would create a scandal.
[D]Parental authority provides an excellent example. Parents exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority. From generations past, we inherit the idea that parents are not only responsible for providing their children with food, shelter, and discipline, but also that they have the right to choose their children’ s doctors and schools, and teach them religion and morality.
[E]For example, because of birth a particular individual becomes the chief, king, or queen. As far as members of that society are concerned, this is the right way to determine a ruler because "that is the way it has always been done. "
[F]As a society industrializes, for example, new perspectives on life open up, and no longer does traditional authority go unchallenged. Thus, in contemporary southern Spain and parts of Portugal, you can see old women dressed in black from head to toe, and you immediately know their marital status. Younger widows , however, are likely to be indistinguishable from other women.
选项
答案
D
解析
本段主题是现代社会中遗存的权威形式。D项例子说明家长权威就是传统权威遗存的一个代表(Parental authority provides an excellent example)。后面继续提出即使随着时代的变迁,家长对孩子的权威继续发挥着作用(Parents exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IPnZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WholesalepricesinJulyrosemoresharplythanexpectedandatafasterratethanconsumerprices,【C1】______thatbusinesseswe
Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12
Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12
[A]Whattodoasastudent[B]Variousdefinitionsofplagiarism[C]Ideasshouldalwaysbesourced[D]Ignorancecanbeforgiv
ForthousandsofCanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenom
TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonpr
Theplanetsseemedlikeprettysmallplaces.Atthesametime,Earthseemedalotlargerthanitdoesnow.Noonehadeverseen
CigarettesmokingisahealthhazardofsufficientimportanceintheUnitedStates.Itwas50yearsagothismonththatAmerica’
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeop
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeop
随机试题
SHECA证书符合的协议是()
急进性肾小球肾炎的临床特征是
霍乱弧菌庆大霉素琼脂平板上形成灰褐色中心菌落,是因为还原了下列哪种物质
A.内泻热结B.活血祛痰C.和解清热D.泻火除湿E.缓急止痛大柴胡汤中配伍芍药的主要用意是
外科辨肿,肿势平坦,根盘散漫,其成因是
( )的资金来源是发行国家政策性金融债券。
甲公司于2012年6月向国务院专利行政部门提出某产品生产方法的专利申请,2015年10月被授予专利权。已知乙公司2012年1月已经以相同的方法生产出该种产品。根据专利法律制度的规定,下列未经甲公司许可而实施的行为中,属于侵犯甲公司专利权的是(
下列说法中正确的是().
请在【答题】菜单中单击【考生文件夹】按钮,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹下。小蒋是一位中学教师,在教务处负责初一年级学生的成绩管理。由于学校地处偏远地区,缺乏必要的教学设施,只有一台配置不太高的PC可
()国内法()发票()固定利率()现金流
最新回复
(
0
)