C公司生产和销售甲、乙两种产品。目前的信用政策为“2/15,n/30”,有占销售额60%的客户在折扣期内付款并享受公司提供的折扣;不享受折扣的应收账款中,有80%可以在信用期内收回,另外20%在信用期满后10天(平均数)收回。逾期账款的收回,需要支出占逾期

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问题 C公司生产和销售甲、乙两种产品。目前的信用政策为“2/15,n/30”,有占销售额60%的客户在折扣期内付款并享受公司提供的折扣;不享受折扣的应收账款中,有80%可以在信用期内收回,另外20%在信用期满后10天(平均数)收回。逾期账款的收回,需要支出占逾期账款额10%的收账费用。如果明年继续保持目前的信用政策,预计甲产品销售量为4万件,单价100元,单位变动成本60元,平均每件存货的变动成本为50元;乙产品销售量为2万件,单价300元,单位变动成本240元。平均每件存货的变动成本为200元。固定成本总额为120万元,平均库存量为销售量的20%,平均应付账款为存货平均占用资金的30%。
    如果明年将信用政策改为“5/10,n/20”,预计不会影响坏账损失、产品的单价、单位变动成本、每件存货的平均变动成本和销售的品种结构,而销售额将增加到1200万元。与此同时,享受折扣的比例将上升至销售额的70%;不享受折扣的应收账款中,有50%可以在信用期内收回,另外,50%可以在信用期满后20天(平均数)收回。这些逾期账款的收回,需要支出占逾期账款额10%的收账费用。固定成本总额为130万元,平均库存量为销售量的25%,平均应付账款为存货平均占用资金的40%。
    该公司应收账款的资本成本为12%。
    要求:
计算改变信用政策引起的损益变动净额,并据此说明公司应否改变信用政策

选项

答案每年损益变动额: 增加的收入=1200-(4×100+2×300)=200(万元) 增加的变动成本 =(1200×40%×60/100-4×60)+(1200×60%×240/300-2×240)=144(万元) 增加的现金折扣 =1200×70%×5%-(4×100+2×300)×60%×2%=30(万元) 增加的应收账款应计利息=4.61-5.23=-0.62(万元) 增加的应付账款节省的利息=8.64-4.32=4.32(万元) 增加的存货占用资金利息=21.6-14.4=7.2(万元) 增加的固定成本=130-120=10(万元) 增加的收账费用 =1200×30%×50%×10%=(4×100+2×300)×40%×20%×10%=10(万元) 增加的坏账损失=0 增加的税前收益 =200-144-30-(-0.62)-10+4.32-7.2-10=3.74(万元) 由于信用政策改变后增加的税前收益大于零,所以,公司应该改变信用政策。 English answers: (1)Average collecting period and accrued interests for account receivables before changing the credit policy: Average cash collection period=60%×15+40%×80%×30+40%×20%×40=21.8(days) Accrued interests for account receivables =4×100/360×21.8×60/100×12%+2×300/360×21.8×240/300×12% =5.23(10 thousand yuan) Accrued interests for inventories occupied =(4×20%×50+2×20%×200)×12% =14.4(10 thousand yuan) Accrued interest for average account payables =(4×20%×50+2×20%×200)×30%×12% =4.32(10 thousand yuan) (2)Average collecting period and accrued interests for account receivables after changing the credit policy: Average cash collection period =70%×10+30%×50%×20+30%×50%×40 =16(days) Accrued interests for account receivables =1200×40%/360×16×60/100×12%+1200×60%/360×16×240/300×12% =4.61(10 thousand yuan) Accrued interests for inventories occupied =(4×1200/1000×25%×50+2×1200/1000×25%×200)×12% =21.6(10 thousand yuan) Accrued interest for average account payables =(4×1200/1000×25%×50+2×1200/1000×25%×200)×40%×12% =8.64(10 thousand yuan) (3)Increased revenues=1200-(4×100+2×300)=200(10 thousand yuan) Increased variable costs =(1200×40%×60/100-4×60)+(1200×60%×240/300-2×240) =144(10 thousand yuan) Increased settlement discount=1200×70%×5%-(4×100+2×300)×60%×2%=30(10 thousand yuan) Accrued interests for increased account receivables=4.61-5.23=-0.62(10 thousand yuan) Interests saved for increased account payables=8.64-4.32=4.32(10 thousand yuan) Accrued interests for increased inventories occupied=21.6-14.4=7.2(10 thousand yuan) Increased fixed costs=130-120=10(10 thousand yuan) Increased expenses for collecting =1200×30%×50%×10%-(4×100+2×300)×40%×20%×10% =10(10 thousand yuan) Increased loss for bad debts=0 Increased earnings before tax =200-144-30-(-0.62)-10+4.32-7.2-10 =3.74(10 thousand yuan) Increased earnings before tax is above 0 after changing credit policy,so the company should change the credit policy.

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