首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several【T1】
Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several【T1】
admin
2017-03-20
30
问题
Subfields of Linguistics
The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other
disciplines create several【T1】______of linguistics.【T1】______
I. Sociolinguistics
Focusing on patterns and【T2】______in language within a society or【T2】______
community
Examining the way people use language to【T3】______in society and to【T3】______
achieve【T4】______【T4】______
II.【T5】______【T5】______
Studying language processing and its interaction with【T6】______mental【T6】______
processes, for instance, studies of children’s language acquisition and SLA
III. Computational Linguistics
Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and【T7】______,【T7】______
bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that【T8】______and【T8】______
produce speech and text
IV.【T9】______【T9】______
Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA【T10】______,【T10】______
especially focusing on motivation,【T11】______, learning style and personality【T11】______
V.【T12】______Linguistics【T12】______
Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have【T13】______over time【T13】______
VI. Philosophical Linguistics
Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern to
analyze the【T14】______of possible word order combinations【T14】______
VII. Neurolinguistics
Studying how language is【T15】______and represented in the brain【T15】______
【T1】
Subfields of Linguistics
Good morning, we’ll continue our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics: descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today’s focus is on the subfields of linguistics.
As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study.(1)These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics.
Let’s start with sociolinguistics.(2)Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use.(3/4)It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as "fourth floor" can indicate the person’s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not.
Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence—what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting.
(5)Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and(6)linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children’s language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry.
Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities.(7)Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances.(8)Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired.
(9)The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics.(10)Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence.(11)In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language.
(12)The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture.(13)Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13 th and early 14 th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed.
Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share.(14)Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world’s languages use a subject-verb-object(SVO)order as English does("She pushed the table. "). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb(SOV)order or verb-subject-object(VSO)order.
Finally, let’s refer to the neurolinguistics.(15)Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language(phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax)are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language.
With that, we come to the end of today’s lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses and functions. Next time we’ll specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
cross-disciplinary fields
解析
本题考查重要细节。根据句(1)These overdapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields…可知,多种学科的重叠部分造成了多种跨学科领域的出现,所以本题答案为cross-disciplinary fields。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IUzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
CharacterAnalysisofShakespeareanPlaysI.Characteranalysis—characterevaluationasthebestwaytostarttheanalysisof
Theeconomystoppedshrinkingayearago,butAmerica’sunemploymentproblemisasbigasever.Theofficialjoblessratewas9.
Animationmeansmakingthingswhicharelifelesscomeliveandmove.Sinceearliesttimes,peoplehavealwaysbeen【M1】______fa
SituationComedyToday’slectureisaboutsituationcomedy,itshistory,itscharacteristicsandsomefamouscomediesinthe
TheUnitedStateswentwarwith______in1812,thelastwarfoughtbetweenthetwocountries.
EuropeanimmigrantstoColonialAmericabroughtwiththemtheirculture,traditionsandphilosophyabouteducation.Muchofthe
笼里养着两只母鸡,一只爱唱,另一只喜静。主人根据母鸡下蛋之后报唱的现象,以为所有的蛋都是那只唱鸡产的,因此很偏爱它,捉的蟑螂也专喂给它吃。但日子一久,秘密揭穿了,原来那只唱鸡下蛋很少,而不叫的那只却一天一个,且蛋刚落地就一声不响地离开鸡窝,由那只唱鸡站在蛋
A、Itisveryadventurous.B、Itisverysensational.C、Itisveryprivate.D、Itisveryinteresting.C本题设题点在访谈开篇处。根据句(1)可知,采访者认为这
A、25-2,000milligrams.B、60-2,000milligrams.C、75-2,000milligrams.D、80-2,000milligrams.C本题设题点在数字信息处。根据句(6)可知,每天摄取维生素C少于60毫克
A、Theyaretoobusyworking.B、Theyaren’tawareoftheimportanceofsleep.C、Theyhavesomehealthproblems.D、Theydon’tthin
随机试题
CT值最小的像素在图像上表现为
()是一个多因素回归模型,通过一组经济要素来判断系统性风险,在该模型中,一项投资的股权资本成本根据投资对于每一个风险因素的敏感度而改变。
作为有限合伙人的自然人在有限合伙企业存续期间丧失民事行为能力的,其他合伙人不得因此要求其退伙。()
毛泽东第一次提出“马克思列宁主义理论和中国革命的实践相结合”这个根本思想原则的著作是()。
下列各句中有语病的一句为:
2014年4月22日,由中国海军首次承办的第十四届西太平洋海军论坛年会在青岛举行。此次论坛的主题是()。
在上题中,假定自变量是被试间操纵的,则研究样本的容量为
请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须都保存在考生文件夹下。期末考试结束了,初三(14)班的班主任助理王老师需要对本班学生的各科考试成绩进行统计分析,并为每个学生制作一份成绩通知
Tocelebratethenationalday,therewasa____fireworksdisplay.
DevelopinganAdvertisingCampaignGenerallyspeaking,fourmajorstepsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofanadvertisingca
最新回复
(
0
)