首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,
admin
2010-05-14
69
问题
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings.
Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, bat the nonscientific component of design remains primary.
Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking," nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.
Its courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics. (447)
The author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to ______.
选项
A、support the thesis that the number of errors in modern engineering systems is likely to increase
B、illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems
C、support the contention that a lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects of design results in poor conceptualization by engineers
D、weaken the proposition that mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。作者列举高速列车无法在雪天行驶这一例子无非是为了证明,如果不考虑所谓非科学的或经验性的问题,就很可能造成愚蠢的,甚至严重的后果。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IZqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Educationproponentsacrossthepoliticalspectrumweredismayedbyrecentattemptstoeradicatethesingle-genderoptionsinpu
WhenmypredecessorsatTimereviewedecologistRachelCarson’sbookSilentSpring50yearsagothismonth,theywerelessthan
JohnGurdon’sschoolreportonhisabilitiesinscienceleftlittledoubt."Ithasbeen,"histeacheratEtonwrote,"adisastro
JohnGurdon’sschoolreportonhisabilitiesinscienceleftlittledoubt."Ithasbeen,"histeacheratEtonwrote,"adisastro
Tea-takingisavery【B1】______customandvery【B2】______thing.Locatedin【B3】______London,theRitzhotelisespeciallywellkno
EatingouthasbecomeasAmericanasapplepie,butforthosemanningthekitchen,restaurantworkisanythingbutanAmericand
CorporateAmericahaslongknownthatthebestdefenseisagoodoffense.It’snowonderthenthatthehealthcareindustryhasr
A、Luxembourg.B、Britain.C、France.D、Holland.B
Thousandsofteachersattheelementary,secondary,andcollegelevelscantestifythattheirstudents’writingexhibitsatende
随机试题
患者,男,60岁,有慢性支气管炎病史,近日来,咳嗽剧烈,痰多且黏稠不易咳出,呼吸困难,诊断为慢性阻塞性肺气肿。若用吸引器吸痰做法错误的是
检疫人员进行生猪宰后检疫时,肉眼发现某屠宰猪肉膈肌中有针尖大小的白色小点,低倍镜检查见梭形包囊,囊内有卷曲的虫体。该虫体最可能是
正态曲线下,小于μ-1.96σ的横轴所围的面积是
赵某毕业于某大学,自从参加工作以来一直担任办公室文秘,恪尽职守,兢兢业业,深受公司领导和同事们的好评。由于单位会计部门人手奇缺,公司领导要求赵某担任财务部门的出纳工作。领导认为,虽然赵某没有取得会计从业资格证书,但出纳并不属于会计岗位,赵某工作能力强,很快
下列食品种类是我国强制规定必须标注营养成分的有
《义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版)》在课程总目标中指出:数学课程应使得学生能够学会与他人合作交流,养成认真勤奋、独立思考、合作交流、反思质疑等学习习惯。请简述如何设计有效的合作学习。
—I’venotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends______forus.
今之君子则不然。其责人也详,其待己也廉。详。故人难于为善;廉,故自取也少。己未有善,曰:“我善是,是亦足矣。”己未有能,曰:“我能是,是亦足矣。”外以欺于人,内以欺于心,未少有得而止矣。不亦待其身者已廉乎?其于人也,曰:“彼虽能是,其人不足称也;
"PhysicalandChemicalPropertiesandChanges"→Sugar,water,andaluminumaredifferentsubstances.Eachsubstancehasspe
A.clatterB.knownC.puzzleD.dinE.attainableF.referredG.chatterH.reachableI.ensuresJ.partneringK.affectL.vit
最新回复
(
0
)