首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
【F1】The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, ass
【F1】The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, ass
admin
2016-03-22
56
问题
【F1】
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.
【F2】
Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.【F3】
Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.
Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.【F4】
Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking-acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
【F5】
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.
They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking-acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
【F5】
选项
答案
由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况,他们鼓励采取各种行动来对问题作一番深入了解。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IpsZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
We’veallseentheheadlinesaboutmobilephones.Ifyoubelievedeverythingyouread,you’dthrowyourmobileawayimmediately
ThewordtsunamicomesfromtheJapaneselanguage.Inthatlanguagethewordtsumeansharbor.Thewordnamimeanswave.Longag
TheHolocaustwastheNazis’assaultontheJewsbetween1933and1945.ItculminatedinwhattheNaziscalledthe"FinalSoluti
Whilecrimeisuparoundthenationandspreadoutacrosscitiesinabroadpattern,themajorityofpeopleconvictedofcrimes
ScientistsinBelgiumspentmonthsbuildingroboticversionsofthedreadedverminandthenletthemlooseinacommunityofrea
Oneofthedifferencesbetweenanimalsandmachinesisthatanimalbodiescanrepairmuchofthedamagethatacruelandhostile
EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.Aspateof
Despiteacoolingoftheeconomy,hightechnologycompaniesarestillcryingoutforskilledworkers.TheInformationTechnology
Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstandingacademicsorasupportiveenvironmentfors
Suicide,proclaimedAlbertCamus,aFrenchAlgerianauthor,philosopher,andjournalist,in"TheMythofSisyphus",istheonly
随机试题
党和国家的公安基本政策,分别载入()的正式文件之中。
Itisonlyafterallthesechecksthatapassengerisallowedtoboardtheplane.
牵涉痛是指()
男,68岁。恶心、上腹隐痛、呕吐少许咖啡样液体2天。高血压、血脂异常病史2年。口服阿司匹林100mg/d。胃镜检查可见胃窦黏膜多发糜烂,表面附着血性黏液。最适应的治疗药物是()
判断牙髓活力最可靠的检查方法是
干疳的治疗原则为
不讲道理的话语逻辑是值得警惕的。长期处于这样的言论状态中,难免会影响理性表达。好的公共表达应该是温和理性的,即便是带有情绪的话语,也应该对事不对人。言论自由是我们的权利,但是说负责的话也是我们的义务,没有限度的自由只会带来人与人之间的不信任感,使得社会缺少
某企业经批准处理部分财产损溢:现金长款100元、存货损失2300元,其中1000元为大水淹毁,股权投资损失4600元,存在证券公司的20000元因证券公司破产不能收回。该企业上述损失影响的营业利润为()元。
人员激励机制的内容包括()。
()是北宋时兴起的一种说唱技艺。洋州(今山西晋城)人孔三传首创,因用若干套不同宫调的曲子轮递歌唱而得名。
最新回复
(
0
)