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The simple act of hand-washing has been shown to help clear a guilty conscience and even make you more forgiving of the moral mi

admin2022-11-05  14
问题     The simple act of hand-washing has been shown to help clear a guilty conscience and even make you more forgiving of the moral mistakes of others. It’s known as the Macbeth principle of morality: we make a fundamental, psychological association between physical purity and moral purity, which lets us literally wash away our sins. The trick even works in the opposite direction, with cleanliness prompting moral behavior in one study, people exposed to a clean-smelling environment were induced to act more fairly and charitably toward strangers than people in a neutral-smelling place.
    Now a new study published in Science asks whether hand-washing can wipe the slate clean of any past behavior—even everyday decisions, like, say, choosing Paris over Rome for vacation. When people make choices, especially between two similarly attractive options, they tend to go to great lengths to justify them as psychological assurance they’ve made the right decision.
    The mental exercise reduces post-decisional doubt and the authors of the new study found that handwashing eliminated people’s need to do it. As part of an alleged consumer survey, 40 undergraduates browsed 30 CD covers as if they were in a music store. They selected 10 CDs they would like to own and ranked them by preference. Later, the experimenter offered them a choice between their fifth- and sixth-ranked CDs as a token of appreciation from the sponsor. After the choice, participants completed an seemingly unrelated product survey that asked for evaluations of a liquid soap; half merely examined the bottle before answering, whereas others tested the soap by washing their hands. After a filler task, participants ranked the 10 CDs again.
    "People who merely examined the soap bottle dealt with their doubts about their decision by changing how they saw the CDs: as in hundreds of earlier studies, once they had made a choice, they saw the chosen CD as much more attractive than before, and the rejected CD as much less attractive," said study co-author Norbert Schwarz, a psychologist at University of Michigan. "But hand-washing eliminated this classic effect. Once participants had washed their hands, they no longer needed to justify their choice when they ranked the CDs the second time around."
    The researchers repeated the experiment, this time asking participants to rank the desirability of four kinds of fruit jam. Once again, volunteers who wiped their hands clean after choosing showed the kind of satisfaction with their decision that the non-wipers lacked. Still, there’s no guarantee that a bout of handwashing will avoid post-decision regret in the long run. As far as those big decisions go, however, you’re probably best off engaging in good old-fashioned justification.
According to the Macbeth principle of morality, physical cleanness ________.
选项 A、reflects one’s moral purity
B、determines one’s moral status
C、is related to one’s moral purity
D、interacts with one’s moral purity
答案C
解析 根据题干中the Macbeth principle of morality可定位到文章第一段。由该段第二句可知，我们从内心里认为生理上的纯洁与道德上的纯洁有根深蒂固的联系(make a…association between…and…)，故C项“与一个人道德上的纯洁有联系(is related to…)”正确。根据该段第二句，身体纯洁只是能消除人们道德上的罪恶感，并不能reflects“反映出”道德纯洁，A项错误。麦克白道德原则只是认为生理上的纯洁与道德上的纯洁有根深蒂固的联系，但是没有说生理上的纯洁能决定一个人的道德状态，B项“决定道德状态”没有原文信息支持，属于无中生有。该段第三句说“这种错觉甚至在相反的情况下也有效——用清洁催生道德行为”，但并不说明生理上的干净可以与道德纯洁相互作用，D项属于过度推断。
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