首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those
admin
2019-04-08
71
问题
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those natural systems.【T1】
There is a material and energy basis for the relations between human economies and their ecosystems, defining not only economic, but social , structures and processes.
Economies possess general ecosystem properties, such as dynamism, evolution, integrity, stability and sustenance. Economies are embedded in larger natural ecosystems , and exchange flows of materials and energy with natural systems.
【T2】
What makes humans and their economies unique as a sub-ecosystem is their ability, through willful effort, ignorance and human designed tools, to dramatically restructure and reform processes in ecosystems of which they are a part:
The ability is to such a magnitude that human welfare can be diminished or enhanced by those original actions. Some types of economic activities, and the welfare that originates from them, would not be sustainable if they substantially adversely impact natural systems.
【T3】
The willful effort to extract useful things from natural systems is motivated by the satisfaction of basic biological needs and the seemingly limitless search for pleasure through consumption of goods and through social associations.
The magnitude of potential impact on their own welfare through effects on natural systems requires that human decisions be guided by some notion of the value of their actions and the value of their impacts on ecosystems, either in terms of benefits of use or costs of abuse. Some concept of value is required for rational activities of human economies within their natural systems.
Both the structures and processes of natural systems have identifiable instrumental value to the human economy. These narrow use values may be reflected by the summation of individual values, to the extent they are private. However, natural systems also have aesthetic, moral and cultural values. These values are more intrinsic and unmeasurable using traditional human preferences.
【T4】
Valuation is made more complicated by the fact that our natural environment is highly likely to shape values through establishing social and economic relations, aesthetic standards and culture.
If so, our decisions now about the natural environment will shape future value systems, making values endogenous and, therefore, a poor guide to behavior.【T5】
A way out of this dilemma is to make valuations of natural systems based on "What we would like to see society become" rather than to ask what current valuations are.
The value of natural systems is then based on their ability to assist us in becoming what we wish to be.
【T2】
选项
答案
使人类与他们的经济成为独特次生态系统的是他们通过有意的努力与忽视,以及他们自己设计的工具,剧烈地改造与变革生态体系的过程的能力,而他们本身也是该体系的一部分。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JECd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
OrganizersoftheAthensOlympicGames,slatedtokickoffinalittleoverfiveweeks,areracingagainsttheclocktocomplete
TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe"allthingstoallpeople".Indoingso,theyhaveincre
WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheInternetaccordingtothetalk?
Directions:Writeanessayabouttherelationshipsbetweenhumanactivitiesandtheirimpactsonearth.Peoplearebuildingall
Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaply【21】toallofus【22
Thefactisthattheenergycrisis,whichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannounced,hasbeenwithusforalongtimenow,andwill
summer
hospitals
hospitals
GenerationsofAmericanshavebeenbrought【26】______tobelievethatagoodbreakfastisimportantforhealth.Eatingbreakfast
随机试题
亚急性感染性心内膜炎与风湿活动的鉴别诊断中,有助于诊断前者的是
A.C1~3B.C4C.C5D.C6E.C7支配斜方肌的是
关于受贿罪,下列哪些选项是正确的?(2017年卷二62题)
桥梁承载力检测评定,以下关于检算内容和方法的叙述中正确的是()。
根据卖主与房地产经纪人签署的代理合同不同,美国房地产经纪人的运作方式除独家销售外还有()几种。
除尘系统的风管漏风率,宜按系统风量的()合理计算。
《绿色施工导则》中规定:结构施工、安装装饰装修阶段,作业区目测扬尘高度应小于()米。
职业技术教育
法治思维与人治思维的区别,集中体现在法治思维()。
Itistruethatthegroupinteractionshavebothpositiveandnegativesides.Whenwe【B1】______,conflictcannotbegottenrido
最新回复
(
0
)