首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) The urban population in 2014 accounted for 54% of the total global population, up from 34% in 1960, and continues to grow. A
(1) The urban population in 2014 accounted for 54% of the total global population, up from 34% in 1960, and continues to grow. A
admin
2022-09-29
61
问题
(1) The urban population in 2014 accounted for 54% of the total global population, up from 34% in 1960, and continues to grow. Africa now has a larger urban population than North America and has 25 of the world’s fastest growing large cities. Half of the world’s urban population now lives in Asia, which also has half of the world’s largest cities and fastest growing large cities. Every year the world’s urban population swells by about 75m people. That extraordinary growth—equivalent to adding eight Londons—is a wonderful thing. Cities throw people together, encouraging the exchange of ideas. The people who move there tend to grow richer, freer and more tolerant. What is rather less wonderful is the way in which many of the world’s fastest-growing cities are expanding.
(2) The trouble is not, as is often claimed, that cities in poor and middle-income countries are spreading like oil slicks. Most of them need to expand. Many poor cities are incredibly dense already: Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is nine times as tightly packed as Paris, if you include their suburbs. And no Western city has ever added inhabitants as quickly as the poor and emerging-world champions are doing. African and Asian metropolises are bound to sprawl even if sensible pro-density reforms are passed, such as scrapping height restrictions on buildings.
(3) The real problem is that these metropolises are spreading in the wrong way. Frequently, small housing developments or even individual houses are plunked down wherever a builder can cut a deal with a farmer. In the huge, jumbled districts that result, far too little space is set aside for roads. Manhattan is 36% road (overall, almost half of that capitalist temple is public space). In some unplanned African suburbs as little as 5% of the land is road. Even middle-class districts often lack sewers and mains water. As for amenities like public parks, forget it. Suburbs can eventually be retrofitted with roads and sewers. But that will be horrifically complicated and expensive—too much so for poor countries. It would be vastly cheaper and better to do sprawl properly from the start.
(4) Urban and national officials should begin by admitting two things: their cities are going to become very much larger; and this growth will be too quick to be controlled by comprehensive urban plans. Officials in poor countries often spend many years drawing up detailed plans; by the time they are finished, the city has changed so much that their designs cannot possibly be implemented.
(5) It is wiser to keep things simple. At a minimum, work out where the main thoroughfares and parks will go as the city expands. Again, New York is a good model. In 1811, when the city was still confined to the southern tip of Manhattan, it planned for a sevenfold expansion and laid out a street grid. Acquiring rights of way for future roads and amenities can be both costly and politically difficult (though not nearly as much as waiting until it is too late). Almost all fast-growing cities are in countries where landholdings are small, and small farmers do not take kindly to being booted off their land. But a few countries have developed a promising technique known as land readjustment. Instead of evicting farmers in the path of a new road, officials offer to reorganize a whole district. Everybody loses some land, and the biggest winners—those closest to the new road—compensate those who fare less well. Japanese cities used this technique when they were growing quickly. Today the Indian state of Gujarat makes it work.
(6) Increasingly, the world’s fastest-growing cities will be African. And those are especially hard to corral. Many African countries persist with some form of collective land ownership, which is anathema to professional developers: why buy land that you cannot formally own? Until farmers are given full rights to their lands, including the ability to transfer legal title, cities are likely to grow in a messy way. Good planning and secure property rights make for a better kind of sprawl. (本文选自 The Economist)
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
选项
A、The Urban Population
B、The Right Kind of City Expanding
C、The World’s Fastest-growing Cities
D、African and Asian Metropolises
答案
B
解析
主旨题。纵览全文,文章第一段统领全文。说明在世界范围内城市数量激增,规模不断扩大;在随后的段落中,作者谈到了这些城市扩张过程中出现的一些问题。由此可知,全文都是在探讨城市发展过程中规划的重要性,故B“正确的扩张方式”为答案。A、C和D均是文中出现过的具体内容,但并不是文章的主旨,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JHkK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Somepeoplethinkusingculturalheritagetodeveloptourismiswrong.Othersthinkthatitistheonlywaytoprotectcultural
A、Atthehostel.B、Oncampus.C、Intheoffice.D、Onthetelephone.D①选项都是表示地点的短语,可以推测题目很可能问对话发生的地点。②对话以“Hi,Lewis.It’sJacintahe
A、HetaughtEnglishatacommunitycollege.B、HetaughtthestudentshowtocookinEnglish.C、Heworkedasalanguageteacheri
[A]benefits[B]moving[C]restrict[D]waste[E]similar[F]save[G]separately[H]different[I]multiple[J]nonsalaried[K]number[L]
PeoplethroughoutthehistoryhavesoughtwaystoalterconsciousnesaA【C1】_____exampleisthesweatlodgeritualoftheSioux
PeoplethroughoutthehistoryhavesoughtwaystoalterconsciousnesaA【C1】_____exampleisthesweatlodgeritualoftheSioux
A、Toguardhimselfagainstthieves.B、Tomemorizehisgrandfather.C、Tocutthecakesheeats.D、Topeelthefruitsheeats.D①选
Tomtoldhisfather______hadhappened.
GlobalWarming1.Globalwarming■Amixof【T1】______andirregularclimatechange【T1】______2.Causesofglobalwar
随机试题
唐代司空图所提出的“象外之象,景外之景”,以及近代王国维所提出的“境界说”体现的就是中华民族自古至今所崇尚的()
治疗结核性脑膜炎首选药物是
缺铁性贫血属于()。
A.疝气B.月经过多C.头痛眩晕D.阴痒E.咳嗽行间主治
建设项目文件包括()、可行性研究、环境影响评价、项目评估等所有申报及批复文件,规划、环保、消防、卫生、人防、抗震等文件。
有一家权威民意调查机构,在世界范围内对“9.11”恐怖袭击事件发生的原因进行调查,结果发现:40%的人认为是由美国不公正的外交政策造成的;55%的人认为是由于伊斯兰文明与西方文明的冲突;23%的人认为是出自恐怖分子的邪恶本性;19%的人没有表示意见。以下哪
符合802.5标准的网桥由发送帧的源结点负责路由选择,源结点发送帧时需要将详细的路由信息放在帧的首部,这类网桥被称为______。
Walkingthroughthewoodsalonecanbeafrighteningprospectforakid,butnotfor7-year-oldMatthewofPortland,Oregon.He
文化遗产
A、Hissister.B、Hisfather.C、Hismother.D、Hisbrother.A
最新回复
(
0
)