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  3. You are going to read a text about how to make your big idea really happen. Choose the best example or argument from the list A—

You are going to read a text about how to make your big idea really happen. Choose the best example or argument from the list A—

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问题     You are going to read a text about how to make your big idea really happen. Choose the best example or argument from the list A—G for each numbered subheading(41 — 45). There are two extra options which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
    In the article "Shaping Strategy in a World of Constant Disruption," the authors discuss how certain firms are harnessing the power of business ecosystems to shape entire industries or markets. As it turns out, individuals can apply several lessons from shaping strategies when trying to turn a grand idea(be it for social good or professional gain)into a reality.
    【R1】Create a Compelling Shaping View
    In order to mobilize supporters, it helps to put forth a compelling view of what the future — state could look like.______.
    【R2】Make Sure the Benefit is Mutual
    In defining a shaping view, it is important to make clear how the conditions you are trying to achieve will benefit many people beyond yourself. The more tangible you can make these benefits and the more explicitly you can define the types of people who may benefit, the more those people are likely to be motivated to support your efforts and help to make the shaping view a reality. ______.
    【R3】Are You Serious? Prove it.
    First of all, take some action that will demonstrate your conviction regarding the shaping view. ______.
    【R4】Create a Platform.
    If your shaping vision is compelling enough, there are likely many people who want to help make it happen. Having a central shaping platform typically removes friction for these potential supporters, which can help grow a support base and encourage participation. ______
    【R5】Gain Critical Mass.
    Margaret Meade once famously said, "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed, citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. " While this is certainly true in the early stages of a shaping vision, a large support base can lend credibility to a cause. ______.
    We live in a world where individuals increasingly have the ability to shape the environment in which they live. Shaping is not just limited to large institutions. In fact, in many of the successful shaping strategies that we studied, the strategies were executed by people with limited resources on the edge of a market or industry. Whether we are seeking to shape our workplace or our society, small moves smartly made can set big things in motion.
     [A]Martin Luther King mobilized a lot of people not just because he gave a speech, but because he was willing to make significant personal sacrifices in order to advance his view. It’s not just about sacrifice. You can also generate credibility by convincing some prominent or powerful people to join your quest.
     [B]Malcolm McLean made a similar striking move in his effort to accelerate adoption of his shaping platform for the containerized —shipping industry. In the 1960s he released the patents to his four—corner fittings and twist—lock mechanisms royalty—free to the International Organization for Standardization. McLean could afford to be magnanimous with the intellectual property from his shaping platform because as the major shareholder of Sea —Land, he stood to profit handsomely from broader adoption of standards in that arena.
     [C]The key is to find ways for people to connect with each other, work with each other and draw strength from each other. For Martin Luther King, the churches spread across the South became key organizing platforms. In the office, it may be as simple as a shared table in the cafeteria at lunch time.
     [D]Perhaps the most famous example of it comes from Martin Luther King Jr. ’s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech. In just 17 minutes, the Baptist minister who had been gaining reputation as a Civil Rights leader painted a vivid portrait of a world without racial inequality that ignited his supporters and spurred many to action(even risking their lives)in order to help a-chieve such a world.
     [E]Collective action usually depends on a "critical mass" that behaves differently from typical group members. Sometimes the critical mass provides some level of the good for others who do nothing, while at other times the critical mass pays the start —up costs and induces widespread collective action.
     [F]One executive was able to gain the support of grizzled old maintenance guys who were deeply skeptical of social software when he showed them how this new technology could eliminate a major headache in their day—to—day jobs. Rather than talking in generalities, he painted a compelling picture for a specific set of workers to show them how this would help them deal with a very troublesome pain point.
     [G]Social software has made it easier than ever to get your message to a broad audience. While those reached through social software may only be weakly affiliated with the movement, their support can help bring attention to your cause and potentially helps connect you to other passionate participants that share your shaping vision.
【R1】
选项
答案D
解析 小标题是“打造一个鼓舞人心的塑造性愿景”。标题后的内容指出，要想调动拥护者。你需要提出一个关于未来状况的鼓舞人心的构想。[D]选项立即举例指出，马丁.路德.金在其演讲中生动地描绘了一个种族平等的世界，由此点燃了人们心中的火焰，激励人们为了创造这样一个世界去奋斗。其中，a vivid portrait和a world without racial inequality分别对应原文a compelling view和whatthe future—state could look like.
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