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  3. Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical de

Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical de

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问题     Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical decision making and intelligence in Arthur Clarke’s 2001: A space Odyssey, is being discussed seriously in modern artificial-intelligence(AI)laboratories.【F1】That is not to say that computers will evolve exactly as Clarke envisioned, any more than propulsion systems developed in the way Jules Verne imagined three-quarters of a century before a rocked sent a spaceship to the moon.【F2】However, computer scientists are developing systems that come very close to mimicking parts of human cognition; it seems plausible that something like Hal will be around before you depart from this earth.
    【F3】Computerized cognition, or artificial intelligence(AI), as it is often called, is broadly defined as that branch of computer science that deals with the development of computers(hardware)and computer programs(software)that emulate human cognitive functions. Cognition involves perception, memory, thinking, language processing and many other related functions which are carried out in a more or less exact way. You can, for example, see and recognize your friend’s face; compose a sensible poem set in iambic pentameter; mentally calculate the most direct route from your home to the college, and distinguish sour milk from fresh milk. We do things like this every day with no effort. We also do a lot of foolish things, such as put shampoo on our toothbrush. We are human—and that’s a problem for computers, being perfect machines that never make a mistake, "computer errors" notwithstanding.
    If a computer could simulate human thought and actions precisely, then it would be as good as we are in doing the list of things mentioned earlier, but also be just as fallible as we are.【F4】It is important to recognize the distinction between those who want to write programs that will perform human tasks well, such as the program we are presently using that draws a squiggly red line under misspelled words and those who aim to clone human thought. Computers and their impressive programs have become such an indispensible part of our everyday life that we wonder how we got along without them—still, they aren’t clever enough to shampoo with toothpaste.
    When we discuss AI, it is usually intertwined with Cognitive psychology and neuroscience.【F5】Ideas from one field, for example, neuroscience, might be incorporated into another, for example, artificial intelligence, and yet other ideas from cognitive psychology might be applied to both other areas. All three—AI, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience(especially neuroscience)—build a platform for cognitive science.
【F3】
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答案计算机处理的认知，或通常所说的人工智能，被广义地定义为计算机科学的一个分支，该学科分支用来解决模仿人类认知功能的计算机(硬件)和计算机程序(软件)的问题。
解析 本题考点是定语从句和词义确定。本句包含两个由that引导的定语从句，分别修饰branch和hardware and software。句子的主干为“Computerized cognition is defined as branch…”，句中两个定语从句翻译时需要注意语序的调整，此外主语后的同位语及其修饰成分的翻译也需要考虑语序问题。本句中也有部分生词，需要考生根据文章主旨选取释义。
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