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  3. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【B1】______some claims to the c

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【B1】______some claims to the c

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问题     Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【B1】______some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does【B2】______short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 【B3】______heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to【B4】______, a good laugh is unlikely to have【B5】______benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
    【B6】______, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the【B7】______. Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter【B8】______muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
    Such bodily reaction might conceivably help【B9】______the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of【B10】______feedback that improve an individual’ s emotional state.【B11】______one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted【B12】______physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry【B13】______they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
    Although sadness also【B14】______tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow【B15】______muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wu rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to【B16】______a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a (n)【B17】______expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles【B18】______more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【B19】______that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【B20】______, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
【B8】
选项 A、hardens
B、weakens
C、tightens
D、relaxes
答案D
解析 考查动词辨析。上句提及笑锻炼肌肉的方式和运动锻炼肌肉的方式不同，并使用了strain作为运动锻炼肌肉的方式。此句提及20世纪30年代的研究结果，是关于笑对于肌肉的作用。这两句之间是对比关系，很明显strain的同义词都不作为可供选项，harden和tighten都可看做是strain的同义词，“使肌肉紧张，坚硬”。weaken“减弱，削弱”，不与muscle搭配。运动是拉伸肌肉，让肌肉紧张，笑是使肌肉放松，因此D．relaxes“放松”符合题意。
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