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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______ retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______ one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】______ of those in work for their income. The【C6】______ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% ~ 80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______ to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______ for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______ simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】______ the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______ early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______ and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______ rate should rise anew.
【C3】
选项 A、ultimate
B、unattainable
C、specific
D、expensive
答案D
解析 形容词辨析。空格所在句子与前一分句结构对称，因此主语it指代前一句的主语early retirement，空格处形容词修饰的表语one指代前文的goal。由表示转折的连词but可知，两个分句是从一个角度分析“提早退休”作为个人和社会目标的两种相反的影响，即“对个人是值得的，但对社会则是不值得的”。此外，由下文可知，这种“不值得的”目标造成的后果是：使现有公共养老金系统难以持久。所以D项expensive“昂贵的，费钱的”符合文意，为正确答案。A项ultimate“最终的，根本的”，B项unattainable“无法实现的”，C项specific“明确的，特定的”均不正确。
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