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  3. The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe c

The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe c

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问题     The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today’s prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.
    In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example) may be a specialty goods in the United States.
    People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
    Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores be fore making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.
    Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same, include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer, is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all.
    Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.
    Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about. Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer’s attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping.
选项 A、it is used at home to do paper work
B、it is used by a writer to type a novel
C、it becomes the only means to an end
D、a writer does not want to use it
答案C
解析 这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为："它是达到目的的唯一手段"。第一段指出，对满足需要(need)和需求(want)的产品的传统区分已不足于涵盖各种类别的产品。在今天这个繁荣的社会里，由于许多需求转化为需要，二者失去了明显的界线(blurred)。例如：作家用纸和笔写作，纸和笔，这时对他来说是合理的需要，但是，同样的工作可以用文字处理机更快、更有效地完成，这样，对这位作家来说，计算机已不再是一种需求，而成了一种需要。可见，这里所说的需要代表完成某一事情所必需的手段，而不是可有可无的手段。
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