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  3. The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and s

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and s

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问题     The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations, a society exposes those ideas and concepts held most important. Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories, however, are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message.
    Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found in Aesop’s Fables, told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire. Aesop, a slave who won the favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales, almost exclusively used animals to fill the roles in his short stories. Humans, when at all present, almost always played the part of bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented. This choice of characterization allows us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans, implying that deep wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by, rather than stealing from, human beings.
    Aesop’s fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance, reflecting the importance of those traits in early Greek society. The folly of humans was used to contrast against the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature and humanity. For example, one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of grapes on a very high vine. After failing at several attempts, the fox gives up, making up its mind that the grapes were probably sour anyway. The fable’s lesson, that we often play down that which we can’t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better, teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche.
    The mythology of other cultures and societies reveal the underlying traits of their respective cultures just as Aesop’s fables did. The stories of Roman gods, Aztec ghosts and European elves all served to train ancient generations those lessons considered most important to their community, and today they offer a powerful looking glass by which to evaluate and consider the contextual environment in which those culture existed.
选项 A、the most interesting and valuable form of mythology.
B、an entertaining form with serious subjects.
C、a tool of past civilizations, but not often used in the modern age.
D、an essential method by which ancient values were transmitted between generations.
答案B
解析 观点态度题。作者对寓言的评价需要综合分析，第一段第一句指出，了解一种文化中的神话传说可以为了解该文化中人们的信仰及价值观念提供极其重要的深刻见解，第三段最后一句提到这个故事以轻松的形式告诉读者或听众人心灵中的一个弱点，所以选项B是对寓言的最佳概括，为正确答案。选项A未提及；选项C转折句部分明显错误；选项D中的essential属于过度推断。
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