首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an a
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an a
admin
2016-01-30
59
问题
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible. Work towards making it had been begun by the United States, Canada and Britain very soon after the beginning of the Second World War. The existence of possibly explosive forces in the nuclei of atoms had been known ever since the structure of atoms was discovered by Rutherford.
An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but, until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein’s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.
The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission" , a heavier atom splits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called " U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance which was used in making the atom bomb.
The political background of the atomic scientists’ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held — I think rightly — that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over, it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapons had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.
When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese, who were already on the verge of defeat and, in any case, did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent representations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.
According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because______.
选项
A、it was such a dangerous weapon
B、its use against the Japanese was unnecessary
C、it was a very inhumane weapon
D、the German war was finished
答案
B
解析
根据作者的观点:大多数协助制造原子弹的科学家认为,原子弹不应该用于打击日本人,因为用它来打击日本人是没有必要的。作者在最后一段开头指出,大多数合作制造原子弹的科学家认为,原子弹不应用来抗击日军,因为日本人濒于战败;原子弹给世界造成的威胁比不上希特勒给世界造成的威胁。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/KTGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
(浙江大学2008年试题)Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sre
democracyovercomemodernplaceanticipateimaginationonlineregularperformaccessdif
Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofspa
Itssubjectis"life-as-spectacle",forreaders,divertedbyitsvariousincidents,observeitsheroOdysseusprimarilyfromwit
Theprotestwentaheaddespitegovernmentassurancesthattheywouldpressfor______withtheneighboringcountryintheissuing
Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcompara
Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbeganthep
StudentsoftheBerrySchoolforMountainChildrenhelpedpayfortheireducationbydoingpart-timelaborthatpertainedtothe
InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling.Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeply
Becausethedetailsoftheprojectwereratherhazy,wedecidedtorejecttheproposal.
随机试题
外感风寒表证兼气滞胸闷不舒者,首选
某小汽车生产企业为增值税一般纳税人,2012年度自行核算的相关数据为:全年取得产品销售收入总额68000万元,应扣除的产品销售成本45800万元,应扣除的营业税金及附加9250万元,应扣除的销售费用3600万元、管理费用2900万元、财务费用870万元。另
甲公司某年的投资资本回报率为7%,销售增长率为10%;经测算甲公司的加权资本成本为7.5%,可持续增长率为7%。该年甲公司的业务属于财务战略矩阵中的()。
下列属于国务院的职权有()。
A、 B、 C、 D、 D题干图形可看成由两个小图形叠放在一起构成,重叠的部分为阴影,阴影部分与其中一个小图形相似.由此选择D。
某水池有A、B、C3个进水口。若单独开一个进水口,要注满水池,A、B、C进水口分别所需时间为10小时、5小时、6小时。现水池没有水,如果先同时打开A、C进水口,工作2小时后再打开B进水口,则还需要()小时才能把水池注满。
Forofficeinnovators,theunrealizeddreamofthepaperless’officeisaclassicexampleofhigh-techhubris.Today’sofficedr
Severalseniorofficialsspoketothepressonconditionthattheynotbenamedinthestory.
Passage1
ThepresentdayAfrican-Americanpopulation,likemanyotherethic(1)______groups,isseveralgenerationsremovedfromtheiro
最新回复
(
0
)