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  3. Are you struggling to keep your New Year’s resolution to lose a few pounds or exercise more? Perhaps you might want to take "Fri

Are you struggling to keep your New Year’s resolution to lose a few pounds or exercise more? Perhaps you might want to take "Fri

admin2019-06-20  54
问题    Are you struggling to keep your New Year’s resolution to lose a few pounds or exercise more? Perhaps you might want to take "Friend-ventory" and find out who might be helping or hurting your journey towards adapting healthy lifestyle habits.
   Friends are essential to developing and sustaining fitness habits that last. Research shows that dieters can achieve greater weight loss if partnered with supportive pals and exercisers are more motivated if paired with a buddy. And social support is essential to health; people with close friends experience less depression, have better immunity against colds and experience.
   Forty-three percent of Edelman survey respondents said that friends/family have the most impact on personal health lifestyle with 36% reporting that close social ties have the most impact on personal nutrition. About two thirds said they tried to change a negative health behavior, but half of them failed...why? Lack of on-going social support.
   What’s scary is that your close friends, whether next door or across the country, can influence your weight. In 2007, researchers Christakis & Fowler published results from the Framingham Heart Study; they followed 12,067 subjects for over 32 years and found that a person’s chances of becoming obese increased by 57% if a friend became obese.
   Gender was also important. The probability of obesity increased by 71% if friends were the same sex. All-male friendships resulted in a 100% increase in the chance of becoming obese whereas the female-female obesity risk was about 38%. Interestingly, friend weight had more of an influence than spouse weight. Among married couples, the spouse was 37% more likely to become obese if their partner became obese.
   The landmark Christakis & Fowler study clearly demonstrated that friends, particularly of the same gender , had a profound influence on body weight, and that this influence was even stronger than that of siblings and spouses. Even more interesting was the fact that geographical distance was not a factor. It didn’t matter if the friend lived close by or across the country, people were more likely to tip the scales if their pals did too. This study suggested the "contagious" nature of obesity but failed to identify a cause.
   Peer pressure may influence body size and health behaviors. Individuals may feel bullied into adapting the habits and routines of friends in order to fit in. Such is the case in adolescents where the pressure to conform is significant. Obesity often carries a social stigma and may trigger inappropriate weight loss behaviors in adolescent girls. Similarly, in adults, Hruschka et al. reported that 25. 1% of respondents would rather have severe depression than be obese. A shocking 14. 5% said they’d rather be completely blind! Nevertheless, peer pressure appears to play a limited role in friend-friend obesity.
   It’s believed that social norms may be to blame, in part, for the contagious nature of weight gain among friends. Social norms governed things like acceptable body size, eating habits and exercise among friends and close associates. Social norms are learned from friends and family and may develop unconsciously.
   The desire to mimic close mates is thought to enhance bonding and act as social super glue. Mimicking tightens subconscious bonds especially if we are dining together. Wansink reported in his book " Mindless Eating" that distracted dining causes overeating, and more people at the dinner table equals more eating and drinking. For example, people who ate with 7 or more friends consumed a whopping 96% more than if eating solo! Folks who eat together subconsciously mimic each other’s eating style so if somebody at your table is a fast eater, normally slow eaters will unconsciously increase eating speed too. The "pacesetter" sets the standard for how much is eaten and how fast.
   This "monkey see; monkey do" action can be used as an impetus for change. Social norms are fluid and can be modified. If one person decides he or she wants to drop a few pounds by changing eating habits, then this may be contagious amongst the group. By changing the accepted norm, healthier eating behaviors are a-dopted. Such is the case with exercise habits. Positive reinforcement from close pals is associated with more physical activity, particularly in women.
   FIVE WAYS YOUR FRIENDS ARE MAKING YOU FAT
   As it turns out, obesity is socially contagious—an epidemic that, according to the landmark Framingham Heart Study and numerous others, spreads rapidly through social networks. Researchers found that having a friend who became obese over the 32-year study increased the likelihood the participant would also become obese by a whopping 57 percent. Although scientists don’t fully understand how obesity spreads, they think it has to do with the influence communities have on what its members perceive as acceptable—whether that’s eating cheeseburgers for breakfast, exercising less, or simply getting chubbier. While an active social life is arguably part and parcel of a healthy, balanced lifestyle, here are five ways your popularity may be undermining your weight loss goals:
   1. YOU GO OUT WITH A BIG GROUP
   When we eat with other people we consume, on average, 44 percent more food than we do when dining alone. Research published in the journal Nutrition found that eating a meal with one other person was 33 percent larger than a meal savored alone. It gets scarier from there. Third-wheeling with two friends? You’re looking at a 47 percent bigger meal. Dining with 4, 6 or 8 + friends was associated with meal increases of 69, 70 and 96 percent, respectively. Though part of this has to do with the amount of time we spend at the table when dining with company, another study from the journal Appetite found people who spent longer eating because they were simultaneously reading didn’t eat significantly more, meaning time isn’t the only factor at play here.
   2. YOU HAVE A CLOSE FRIEND WHO IS "NATURALLY THIN"
   Everyone has that one friend who seems to defy all metabolic laws and maintain a thin figure while eating whatever they want. News to further annoy you: hanging out with them while they pig out may cause you to do the same. A study in the Journal of Consumer Research had college students watch a movie and snack with either a skinny or overweight companion. When the thin friend overate, college students were apt to follow suit, but they exercised more self-control when snacking with a heavier overeater.
   3. YOU’re MARRIED TO YOUR BESTIE
   For better or…fatter? Research suggests a committed relationship has the potential to wreak havoc on your diet. A study in the American Journal of Public Health analyzed the impact spouses, friends and siblings played on dietary patterns over the course of 10 years; couples had the greatest influence on one another’s eating habits, particularly when it came to drinking booze and snacking. The good news is the "halo effect" applies to healthy habits too. A Harvard Public School of Health study found people on a weight-loss program who had the support of at least one partner lost 6. 5 pounds more than those going at it alone. So sign your spouse or friend up to be your partner in getting fit.
   4. RESTAURANT MEALS ARE ALWAYS "CHEATS"
   If you want to eat healthy when dining out with a group of friends, keep healthy company…or order first! A University of Illinois study found that groups of people tend to order similarly, especially when forced to say their order out loud. The researchers attribute the results to the fact that people are happier making similar choices to their peers. If you’re determined to make healthy choices, stick to your decision and get your order in first.
   5. YOU STAY CONNECTED ON FACEBOOK
   We wish there was a dislike button. Spending hours on Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest when you could be up-and-about burning calories is a growing health concern, health experts say. A study of 350 students from the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland found that the more time they spent on Facebook, the less time they spent exercising or engaging in team sports. Particularly fattening is catching up with your social networks before bed—in bed even. A study in the Pediatric Obesity journal found students with access to one electronic device in their bedrooms were 1. 47 times as likely to be overweight as those with no devices in the bedroom. That increased to 2. 57 times for kids with three devices. Turn that catch up session into an in-person meet-up and, no, not at a restaurant. Get together for a team sport or a physical activity to spend time with friends without staring at a screen.  
When you dine out with a big group of friends, you tend to______.
选项 A、eat much less than dining alone
B、eat much more than dining alone
C、eat the same amount as you dine alone
D、eat a little more than dining alone
答案B
解析 事实细节题。根据dine out with a big group可定位于小标题1。文中提到，和4个、6个或是8个以上的朋友一起吃饭，饭量会相应地增加69％、70％和96％。由此可知，当你和一群朋友一起出去吃饭时，你可能比独自吃饭时要吃得多。[B]项的表述符合文义，故为答案。
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