2. 外语
  3. It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb "to t

It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb "to t

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问题     It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb "to think". Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, "In thinking the soul is talking to itself"; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited speech located in the minute movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.
    Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.
    At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal (下意识的) activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.
    Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.
What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?
选项 A、The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking.
B、Thinking never goes without language.
C、Words and thinking match more often than not.
D、Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.
答案A
解析 根据题干关键词language，thinking定位到第2段。第2段末句表明使用语言的能力可有利于提高all one’s capacities(各种能力)，其中当然也包括 “思维”能力，由此可见，选项A是正确的说法。第3段多次提到语言和思维经常脱节，故选项B不正确；第2段第2句中although引出的从句表明有些思维情况没有语言参与，选项C中的never过于绝对；选项D与第2段第2句刚好相反。
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大学英语六级

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