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  3. Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participa

Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participa

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问题     Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participants’ psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrum—the roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant.
    In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on parent influence in youth sport based on these and other theories. First, research shows that parents who are more supportive and less pressuring of their children are associated with youth participants who report higher perceived competence, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation toward sport. Second, parents who encourage their child’s participation and exhibit enjoyment of physical activity are related to children who report higher perceived competence and attraction toward physical activity.  Finally, parents who hold stronger positive beliefs about their child’s physical competence are associated with children who report higher self-perceptions, value toward sport, and physical activity levels.
    A prevalent phenomenon of North American culture is the parent-coach dual role. Most coaches in competitive youth sport are parents of one or more of their players. Brown estimated that about 90% of the volunteer coaches in a given community are a parent of one or more team members. Although one can forward several positive aspects of the parent-coach phenomenon, there is also the potential for youth to perceive stress from this parent-child relationship. Several researchers reported that adolescent athletes felt pressure from their coaches and parents to perform well, and desired that parents be sources of social support and leave skill and strategy instruction to the coach’s domain. Collectively, anecdotal accounts and empirical data suggest that exploring the benefits and costs of parents coaching their children is a worthy topic from both theoretical and applied perspectives.
    Therefore, based on previous research on the role of parents and coaches in youth development, the purpose of the present study was to gain knowledge about the parent-coach phenomenon in competitive youth sport. We accomplished this purpose by interviewing youth soccer players who were coached by their parent, the child’s teammates, and the parent-coach. We expect that child participants would identify both positive and negative aspects of having a parent as their coach, in line with previous research, but we were most curious to know if different issues would be raised about the unique parent-coach/child-athlete relationship.
What does the author mean when he talked about the "dual role" of parent-coach in North American?
选项 A、Some coaches are also parents of the young athletes.
B、The parent-coach can give the athletes both positive aspects and pressure.
C、The negative influence of a parent-coach can outweigh the positive ones.
D、A parent-coach may have different influences on individual athletes and collective ones.
答案A
解析 细节题；在考研的阅读理解命题中，越来越多的题目开始和主旨相关，以这个题目为例，我们将它归类为细节题，但实际上要正确解答这个题目，仍然需要我们对于段落的大意有清晰的把握。按照题目中的定位线索dual role我们找到原文的第三段，要理解这里所说的dual role究竟是怎样的角色，从段落中我们可以看到“Most coaches in competitive youth sport are parents of one or more of their players”，也就是说在北美，很多教练同时也是青少年运动员的父母，这就是双重角色在文章中的含义。比较阅读4个选项，我们可以知道A选项是正确答案。
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